Drugs chemokine receptor modulated

There are several papers shovdng that opioids up-regulate HTV replication when added to infected human peripheral blood cells or microglia in vitro (Peterson et al., 1990, 1994 Li et al., 2002). As mentioned in Section 37.2.1.4 on cytokines and chemokines, the effects of opioids on HIV infection may be related to drug-induced alterations in cytokine or chemokine production or in expression of chemokine receptors (Peterson et al., 1994 Li et al., 2002 Steele et al., 2003). Proinflamma-tory cytokines, particularly TNF-a, can activate T cells and lead to increased HTV replication, and chemokine receptors are co-receptors for the virus. It is to be expected that modulation of chemokine and/or chemokine receptor levels can alter HTV infecdvity through increasing the pool of infec table cells or by altering availability of the number of co-receptors. 

II. Available Drugs That Modulate Chemokine/Receptor Function... 

II. AVAIIABLE DRUGS THAT MODULATE CHEMOKINE/RECEPTOR FUNCTION... 

The chiral monoester, (1 S,21 )-2-(methoxycarbonyl)cyclohex-4-ene-l-carboxylic add 24a (Figure 11.6 ) is a key intermediate for the synthesis of a potential drug candidate 27 for the modulation of chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) activity useful in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis [67-69]. Both the (lS,2k)-monoester 24a and its enantiomer (lk,2S)-monoester 24b were obtained by resolving the... 

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