Chemistry, defined

The chart below lists various model chemistries definable via traditional ab iniiin methods and standard basis sets ... 

The methods developed thus far in this chapter apply to arbitrary chemical kinetic expressions. However, in the case of simple chemistry (defined befow), it is possibie to... 

The Roundtable seeks to influence the research agenda, and also has adopted a pohcy of supporting fundamental research into areas of chemistry defined as ripe for improvement as directed by its members. At the time of writing, the grants given are as shown in Table 16.2. 

In 1985, the IUPAC Commission of Electroanalytical Chemistry defined the pH for solutions in organic solvents of high permittivity and in water-organic solvent mixtures [15]. According to them, the pH is conceptually defined by Eq. (3.26), where m shows the molality and yrn the activity coefficient ... 

The coverage has been limited to the applications of coordination compounds or of the coordination chemistry of relatively soluble ligands and metal species. Numerous chemical agents in photographic systems function by means of adsorption on silver halide grains and silver metal surfaces. Such chemical interactions lie outside the confines of coordination chemistry defined for this work and have not been discussed. 

The early molecular mechanics studies in both inorganic and organic chemistry defined the strain energy 7totai as arising from four principle energy terms (Eq. 1.1),... 

Jean-Marie Lehn introduction of the term supramolecular chemistry , defined as the chemistry of... 

The use of the term bioorganic chemistry declined in the 1980s, but has been revived in recent years. The current Information for Authors on the website of Bioorganic Chemistry defines its subject area as research [that] either use[s] the principles and techniques of organic and physical organic chemistry in attempting... 

Before Synthetic Polymers Polymers before World War I Improving Natural Rubber Behind the Eight Ball—The First True Plastic The Picture of Things to Come Other Cellulose Derivatives The First Synthetic Polymer Polymer Chemistry Defined by the World Wars... 

This dynamic process is commonly known as constitutional dynamic chemistry (CDC). While the concept of dynamic covalent chemistry defines systems in which the molecular (or supramolecular) reorganization proceeds via reversible covalent bond formation/breakage, dynamic systems based on noncovalent linkage exchanges define the concept of dynamic noncovalent chemistry. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) can be defined as a direct application of CDC where libraries of complementary functional groups and/or complementary interactional groups interexchange via chemical (i.e., covalent) reactions or physical (i.e., noncovalent) interactions. 

Spectrometers that use phototubes or photomultiplier tubes (or diode arrays) as detectors are generally called spectrophotometers, and the corresponding measurement is called spectrophotometry. More strictly speaking, the journal Analytical Chemistry defines a spectrophotometer as a spectrometer that measures the ratio of the radiant power of two beams, that is, PIPq, and so it can record absorbance. The two beams may be measured simultaneously or separately, as in a double-beam or a single-beam instrument—see below. Phototube and photomultiplier instruments in practice are almost always used in this maimer. An exception is when the radiation source is replaced by a radiating sample whose spectrum and intensity are to be measured, as in fluorescence spectrometry—see below. If the prism or grating monochromator in a spectrophotometer is replaced by an optical filter that passes a narrow band of wavelengths, the instrument may be called a photometer. 

The chemistry defines the overall scope of the hazards the energy release potential of the reactants and other materials used, that of the reaction and process streams generated and the toxicity hazard that attends to aU the compounds involved, whether inputs, intended, or generated by aberration. Accordingly, chemical acumen is utmost in the assessment and follow-up of the hazards defined by the structures at hand. 

Benign By Design chemistry defines synthetic elegance on the basis of three... 

Bifenazate belongs to the carbazate class, a new type of acaricide chemistry defined by the general formula shown in Fig. 30.2.2 (Table 30.2.2) [5-7]. 

Jean-Marie Lehn Introduction of the term "Supramolecular Chemistry" defined as the. . chemistry of molecular assemblies... 

Green Chemistry, defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances (5), has been referred to as pollution prevention at the molecular level. This emerging area recognizes fiiat during the design phase of any chemical synthesis, product, or process, minimized hazard must be viewed as a performance criterion. Moreover, hazard must also be viewed as a physical/chemical property that is possible to manipulate and control at die molecular level. 

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