Chemicals Generally Incompatible

Acids and oxidizing agents Bases, metals, and reducing agents 

Chromium (VI) oxide Halogens/Halogenating agents Hydrogen peroxide Manganates (VII) 

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The chemical industry generally handles business so well that it is difficult to find large numbers of recent incidents for examples. Many of the featured case histories in this book occurred over 20 years ago however, the lessons that can be learned will be appropriate into the twenty-first century. Tanks can fail from the effects of overpressure and underpressure in 2010 just as well as they failed in the 1980s. Incompatible chemicals are incompatible in any decade and humans can be forgetful at any time. Before we review a single case history, it is time to boast about the safety record of the chemical industry. 

The general, incompatible-element depleted nature of the majority of MOREs and their sources is well explained by the extraction of the continental crust. Nevertheless, the bulk continental crust and the bulk of the MORE sources are not exact chemical complements. Rather, the residual mantle has undergone additional differentiation, most likely involving the generation of OlEs and their subducted equivalents. In addition, there may be more subtle differentiation processes involving smaller-scale melt migration occurring in the upper mantle (Donnelly et al., 2003). It is these additional differentiation processes that have... 

Chemical Properties Incompatible with strong oxidizers generally nonflammable chemically inert and stable to conditions of hydrolysis and oxidation in industrial use freezing point (FP) (286°F). 

R + OOH) is very slow. The hydroperoxide decomposes thermally into an RO radical and an HO radical, both of which initiate the polymerization of vinyl monomers. The HO radical causes unwanted homopolymerization as well as the desired graft polymers. These homopolymers are difficult to separate from the graft polymer mixture, and thus it is impossible to determine the graft yield with any certainty. In addition, homopolymers and graft polymers are generally incompatible over wide areas of the graft polymer composition, causing a deterioration in the mechanical properties. The hydroperoxide radical can be decomposed chemically, however, when the OH radical is not formed, and only the RO radical is left to initiate polymerization ... 

There are hundreds of chemicals in common use and thousands of less frequently used chemicals that could be used as part of any particular lab experiment or process. Memorizing all the combinations and permutations of potentially incompatible chemicals is not possible. The goal in this section is to learn about some specific incompatible mixtures but more generally to learn about combinations of incompatible chemical groups. Some fundamental chemistry can help you think about the properties and structures of molecules that might predict them as chemicals having incompatible partners. ... 

Physical or chemical modification of commercial polymers is one of the most promising routes for obtaining polymer materials with tailored properties. The blending of two or more homopolymers is a typical example of physical modification. The homopolymer compatibihty in the blends is of prime importance for their final properties. Compatibility is directly related to the chemical nature and crystallization ability of homopolymers as well as to the conditions of preparation and processing of the blends. Since polymers are in general incompatible, there is a constant search for means of improving their compatibility and/or suppression of incompatibility. 

Fluoropolymers of the kind used as polymer processing additives (PPAs) are quite impervious to chemical attack and thermal degradation. They are of low surface energy, and are generally incompatible with other pol)nners. 

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