Chemical Mutagens series

Chick embryos have been used for chemical mutagen detection, and the results so far have been presented by Bloomin Volume 5 of this series. 

Due to the increasing activity in efforts to perfect techniques for detecting chemical mutagens and their effects on man, it is planned to continue this series of volumes as necessary to keep abreast of current findings. 

The plant is known elaborate a series of quite unusual phenanthrene alkaloid derivatives, of which aristoliukine-C, aristofolin A and E, aristolochic acid-la methyl ester, and aristolochic acid. Other chemical constituents found in this plant are flavonoid glycosides such as kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3,4). Exposure to Aristolochiaceae family is associated with the development of cancer in humans. A significant advance is the toxicological effects of aristolochic acid has been provided by the work of Pezzuto et al. They showed that aristolochic acid is a mutagen... 

Waters, MD, Nesnow S, Simmon VF, et al. 1981. Pesticides Mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. ACS Symposium Series 160. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 89-113. 

Professor Bruce Ames, a biochemist at the University of California at Berkeley is one of the pioneers of this type of short-term testing. The Ames Test, as it is called, is now widely used, typically as one of several short-term tests that constitute a series of tests, or battery. A battery is thought necessary because no single test is adequate to detect all types of genotoxicity. The Ames Test involves the use of mutant strains of a common bacterium. Salmonella typhimurium, that back-mutate to their normal state in the presence of a mutagenic chemical or metabolite. Many other bacterial and mammalian cell systems have been made available for this type of testing. 

OECD. 1999b. Detailed review document on classification systems for germ cell mutagenicity in OECD member countries. OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 12. Environment Directorate, Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals. ENV/JM/MONO(99)2. Paris OECD. 

Thousands of QSAR models have been published and reported. A quite large series of activities have been used for QSAR, including physico-chemical, toxicological, ecotoxicological, and environmental properties. Examples of common QSAR models are models for water solubility, fish toxicity, mutagenicity, and for environmental degradation. 

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