Alkanes chemical formula

Number of Carbons Prefix Chemical Formula Alkane... 

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula C H2n. -2- They contain no functional groups, are relatively inert, and can be either straight-chain (normal) or branched. Alkanes are named by a series of IUPAC rules of nomenclature. Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures are called isomers. More specifically, compounds such as butane and isobutane, which differ in their connections between atoms, are called constitutional isomers. 

Methane, also referred to as marsh gas, is a gas composed of carbon and hydrogen with a chemical formula of CH4. It is the first member of the paraffin or alkane series of hydrocarbons. It is lighter than air, colorless, odorless, tasteless and is flammable. It occurs in natural gas and as a by-product of petroleum refining. In atmospheric burning no smoke production normally occurs. In air methane bums with a pale, faintly luminous flame. With excess air carbon dioxide and water vapor is formed during combustion, with an air deficiency carbon monoxide and water is formed. It forms an explosive mixture with air over a moderate range. Its primary uses are as a fuel and raw feedstock for petrochemical products. 

Butane, is the either of two saturated hydrocarbons, or alkanes, with the chemical formula of C4H10 of the paraffin series. In both compounds the carbon atoms are joined in an open chain. In n-butane (normal), the chain is continuous and unbranched whereas in i-butane (iso) one of the carbon atoms forms a side branch. This difference in structure results in small but distinct differences in properties. Thus, n-butane melts at -138.3 °C (-216.9 °F) and boils at -0.5 °C (31.1 °F), and i-butane melts at -145 °C (-229 °F) and boils at -10.2 °C (13.6 °F). 

Explain how to write a chemical formula using a hydrocarbon name (see Table 5.1, p. 207). In the explanation, describe the general formulas and rules for naming alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. 

Write the chemical formulas for an alkane, an alkene, and an alkyne, each containing 25 carbon atoms, and explain how you derived the formulas. 

Chemical Formula Gasoline is a mixed compound that does not contain a fixed ratio of component compounds. However, alkanes constitute the largest percentage of component compounds, followed by aromatics and alkenes... 

Alkane Saturated organic compounds of general chemical formula... 

Types of Chemical Formulas Ionic Compounds Binary Covalent Compounds Alkanes... 

In some sense the simplest hydrocarbon molecules are those in which all the carbon bonds are shared with hydrogen atoms except for a minimum number required for carbon-carbon bonds. Molecules of this type are referred to as alkanes or, equivalently, as paraffins. The general chemical formula of alkanes is C H2 +2. The first four alkanes... 

Normal alkanes have the general chemical formula given by C H2 +2. Hence, the total number of atoms is 3n +2 for any alkane defined by the number of carbon atoms (n) in the molecule. The total number of degrees of freedom is 9n + 6. Since all of the alkanes are nonlinear, 9n represents the number of vibrational degrees of freedom per molecule, and these values range from 9 for methane to 54 for n-hexane. 

The chemical formula for any alkane is given by the expression The structural formula, shown for the first... 

The second class of simple hydrocarbons, the alkenes, consists of molecules that contain at least one double-bonded carbon pair. Alkenes follow the same naming convention used for alkanes. A prefix (to describe the number of carbon atoms) is combined with the ending "ene" to denote an alkene. Ethene, for example is the two-carbon molecule that contains one double bond. The chemical formula for the simple alkenes follows the expression Because one of the carbon pairs is double... 

For alkanes with four or more carbon atoms, there are actually multiple possible structures having the same formula. The structures shown in Table 4.1 are known as straight-chain forms, because all of the carbon atoms are linked from end to end in a single chain. Other forms involve branched chains, similar to what we saw in Section 2.8 for polyethylene. Two or more structures with the same chemical formula are called isomers. For C5H12, three possible isomers exist. In addition to the straight-chain form shown in Table 4.1, we could also have the two... 

Let us use the knowledge about the tetrahedral shape to build structures of other simple alkane molecules. We observe that the consequence of tetrahedral stmcture is the zig-zag form of the alkane chains. Chemical formulas in the following scheme are called wedge-dash formnlas. 

Description and general properties. Methane [74-82-8], also called marsh gas, with the chemical formula CH, the relative molar mass of 16.04276 and a low density of 0.7168 kg.m under normal temperature and pressure conditions (273.15 K and 101.325 kPa), is the first and lightests member of the alkanes (i.e., saturated hydrocarbons or olefins with chemical formula C H2 2)- Methane is a colorless, odorless, non-poisonous and flammable gas that solidifies at -182.4°C (90.75 K) and boils under atmospheric pressure at -161.5°C (111.65 K). Methane is poorly soluble in water (e.g., 35 cm per kg of water at 17°C) but soluble in... 

Add Names from Anion Names 57 Binary Covalent Compounds 58 The Simplest Organic Compounds Straight-Chain Alkanes 58 Molecular Masses from Chemical Formulas 59... 

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbon compounds of the sum formula C H2 +2 (n = 1-1000 above 1000 the compounds are called polymer ). Because the number of carbon atoms n and the degree of branching of the alkane chain offers an enormous structural diversity, the class of alkanes consists of a huge number of individual molecules. In chemical technology, alkanes are typically apphed as mixtures the natural alkane resource, crude oil, is also a mixture of alkanes. Only a few alkane representatives, in particular methane, ethane, propane, butane, and cyclohexane are of technical importance as pure compounds. Table 5.3.1 gives an overview of these industrially important alkanes, their main applications, and production capacities. 

Chapter 6, Ionic and Molecular Compounds, describes how atoms form ionic and covalent bonds. Chemical formulas are written, and ionic compounds— including those with polyatomic ions—and molecular compounds are named. An introduction to the three-dimensional shape of carbon molecules provides a basis for the shape of organic and biochemical compounds. Organic chemistry is introduced with the properties of inorganic and organic compounds and condensed structural formulas of alkanes. Section 6.1 is now tilled Ions Transfer of Electrons, 6.2 is titled Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds, 6.3 is... 

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