Chemical bond coordinate covalent

Pauling offered the following definition of a chemical bond ... there is a chemical bond between two atoms or groups of atoms... (if) forces acting between them are such as to lead to the formation of an aggregate with sufficient stability to make it convenient for the chemist to consider it as an independent molecular species. Chemical bonds include ionic bonds, coordinate covalent... 

The interactions could be based on electrostatic interactions determined by the electric doublelayer forces or specific interactions (e.g., chemical bonding, chelation, covalent-coordinate bonds, hydrophobic interactions, salvation forces, hydrogen bonding, and steric forces). The adsorption of the surfactant at the interface results in certain desirable changes in macroscopic properties such as wettability and colloidal stability. For example, the self-assembled monolayers at the interface... 

Sidgwick s distinction between covalent bonds and coordinate links was widely accepted, and the terms coordinate bonds, electron donor-acceptor, and dative bonds were commonly used. But not all workers in the field believed that the distinction between a coordinate link and a normal covalent bond was real or significant. In the 1939 edition of The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Pauling listed three types of chemical bonds electrostatic, covalent, and metallic [37]. He described the NO bond in (CH3)3NO in terms of a Lewis structure wherein the N atom supplied the two electrons needed for a single covalent bond to the O atom which in addition carried three nonbonding electron pairs. He noted that bonds of this type had been described as a coordinate links and that an arrow had been used to indicate the transfer of electric charge from one atom to another, but dismissed the distinction as uimecessary We shall not find it convenient to make use of these names or these symbols. The statement was repeated verbatim in the 1960 edition [68]. 

Boron trichloride, a colorless, reactive gas of BC13 molecules, behaves chemically like BF3. However, the trichloride of aluminum, which is in the same group as boron, forms dimers, linked pairs of molecules. Aluminum chloride is a volatile white solid that vaporizes at 180°C to a gas of Al2Cl6 molecules. These molecules survive in the gas up to about 200°C and only then fall apart into A1C13 molecules. The Al,CI6 molecule exists because a Cl atom in one AlCI, molecule uses one of its lone pairs to form a coordinate covalent bond to the Al atom in a neighboring AICI molecule (33). This arrangement can occur in aluminum chloride hut not boron trichloride because the atomic radius of Al is bigger than that of B. 

Depending on the level of interaction between these organic-inorganic phases, hybrid materials can either possess weak interaction between these phases such as van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, or electrostatic interaction [7,8], or be of strong, chemically bonded (covalent or coordinate) types [9]. 

Chemical bonds can have covalent character, and EPR spectroscopy is an excellent tool to study covalency An unpaired electron can be delocalized over several atoms of a molecular structure, and so its spin S can interact with the nuclear spins /, of all these atoms. These interactions are independent and thus afford additive hyperfine patterns. An unpaired electron on a Cu2+ ion (S = 1/2) experiences an / = 3/2 from the copper nucleus resulting in a fourfold split of the EPR resonance. If the Cu is coordinated by a... 

In this chapter, full lines are used both for covalent chemical bonds as well as for partial bonds and for coordination. 

Salt and chelate formation with edetate (ethylenediaminetetraacetate, EDTA). A In a solution of calcium disodium salt of EDTA, the sodium and hydrogen ions are chemically and biologically available. B In solutions of calcium disodium edetate, calcium is bound by coordinate-covalent bonds with nitrogens as well as by the usual ionic bonds. C In the lead-edetate chelate, lead is incorporated into five heterocyclic rings. 

Each ligand in a complex has at least one lone pair of electrons with which it bonds to the central atom or ion by forming a coordinate-covalent bond. We say that the ligands coordinate to the metal when they form the complex in this way. The ligands directly attached to the central ion in a complex are enclosed within brackets in the chemical formula. These ligands make up the coordination sphere of the central ion. The number of points at which ligands are attached to the central metal atom... 

In this chapter, we ll look at the properties and chemical behavior of transition metal compounds, paying special attention to coordination compounds, in which a central metal ion (or atom)—usually a transition metal—is attached to a group of surrounding molecules or ions by coordinate covalent bonds (Section 7.5). 

A is correct. Sodium chloride is a protolypic example of an ionic bond. In a coordinate covalent bond, both shared electrons come from the same atom for instance, a Lewis base (i.e., ammonia) or oxygen-containing compound (i.e., water). Although both shared electrons come from the same atom, a coordinate covalent bond is a single bond similar in chemical properties to a covalent bond. 

A chemical bond can be defined as an interaction between two or more atoms that holds them together by reducing the potential energy of their electrons. In most bonds between two atoms, electrons are either shared or transferred Another type of bond between two atoms is a coordinate covalent bond. In this bond, the bonding pair of electrons originates on one of the bonded atoms. H3 N-BF3 is a molecule that has a coordinate covalent bond. The dash in the formula indicates the bond position where both electrons are contributed by the nitrogen atom. 

The difference in chemical behavior between metals and nonmetals is intuitively clear to any chemist. Theoretical chemistry describes this diversity in terms of different types of chemical bonds. They are portrayed in textbooks as being nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, dative, donor-acceptor, coordination, and so on. Chemists ascribe specific bonds to the above types without a clear explanation of the grounds... 

---