Chemical and petrochemical plant

E. E. Ludwig, Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants Gulf Publishing, Houston, Tex., 1979. 

Carbon steel and alloy combinations appear in Table 11-12 Alloys in chemical- and petrochemical-plant sei vice in approximate order of use are stainless-steel series 300, nickel. Monel, copper alloy, aluminum, Inconel, stainless-steel series 400, and other alloys. In petroleum-refinery sei vice the frequency order shifts, with copper alloy (for water-cooled units) in first place and low-alloy steel in second place. In some segments of the petroleum industiy copper alloy, stainless series 400, low-alloy steel, and aluminum are becoming the most commonly used alloys. 

IRI. Loss Prevention and Protection for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants. Industrial Risk Insurers, Hartford, CT. 

Ludwig, E. E., Applied Process Design For Chemical and Petrochemical Plants, Vol. 1, Gulf Publishing Co. 2nd Edition., 1977. 

The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has been involved with process safety and loss control for chemical and petrochemical plants for more than thirty years. Through its strong ties with process designers, builders, operators, safety professionals, and academia, AIChE has enhanced communication and fostered improvements in the safety standards of the industry. Its publications and symposia on causes of accidents and methods of prevention have become information resources for the chemical engineering profession. 

The rapid growth and expansion of the chemical industry has been accompanied by a spontaneous rise in human, material, and property losses because of fires, explosions, hazardous and toxic spills, equipment failures, other accidents, and business interruptions. Concern over the potential consequences of catastrophic accidents, particularly at chemical and petrochemical plants, has sparked interest at both the industrial and regulatory levels in obtaining a better understanding of the subject of this book Health, Safety, and Accident Management (HS AM). The writing of this book was undertaken, in part, as a result of this growing concern. 

Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants... 

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