Chemical and Biological Defense

U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Agency Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center ATTN SCBRD-ODR-S Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5423... 

The Soldier Biological and Chemical Defense Command (SBCCOM) is located at the Edgewood Arsenal (Aberdeen Proving Gronnd) in rural Maryland, north of Baltimore. The SBCCOM is the Army s principal research and development center for chemical and biological defense technology and has an extensive complement of skilled professionals in this field. This program could easily be expanded for civilian defense needs. 

This research was sponsored by the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense and was carried out jointly by RAND s Center for Military Health Policy Research and the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the National Defense Research Institute. The latter is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by OSD, the Joint Staff, the unified commands, and the defense agencies in the fulfillment of national security objectives involving the development and acquisition of drugs and biologies, mostly vaccines, for CBW defense. 

This report was prepared for the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense. The purpose of study was to address organizational, educational, and training issues for... 

In DoD, Anna Johnson-Winegar, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense, requested the study and provided important guidance at critical points. In her office, Robert Borowski provided sustained counsel throughout the study. The DoD interviewees included a number of military and civilian officials, most active and some retired. Our debt to them is substantial. 

Although there are broader policy issues related to the acquisition of drugs and biologies for CBW defense than those examined in this report, this report is limited to the important but often overlooked issue of DoD-FDA interactions. RAND undertook this study for the Office of the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense (DATSD[CBD]). Our purposes were (1) to examine the interactions between DoD and FDA as they affect the development and acquisition of drugs and biologies for CBW defense and (2) to identify potential improvements in those interactions as they affect future CBW defense needs. 

Our initial expectations were that we would interview far more FDA officials than we did. However, we ended up interviewing more DoD officials, at all levels of policy and operations. Officials were interviewed in the following DoD offices Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP) J-4 Eogistics Directorate Office of the ASD(HA) JPO-BD the Defense Supply Center in Philadelphia Office of the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs U.S. Army Soldier Biological and Chemical Command U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases... 

U.S. Department of Defense, Chemical and Biological Defense Program, Annual Report to Congress and Performance Plan, July 2001b. 

Off, Washington, DC(1960) 15)Anon, "Nonmilitary Defense. Chemical and Biological Defenses in Perspective , Advances in Chemistry Series No 26, ACS, Washington, DC(1960) 16)Anon, "Chemical, Biological and Nuclear Training Exercises and Integrated Training , FM 3 48(1960) 17)H.L. 

D. Woolard, T. Globus, E. Brown, L. Werbos, B.Gelmont, and A. Samuels, Proceedings of the 5th Joint Conference on Standoff Detection for Chemical and Biological Defense, Williamsburg, VA (2001). 

Boiarski, A.A., Bowen, G.W., Durnford, J., Kenny, D.V. and Shaw, M.J., State-of-the-Art Report on Biological Warfare Agent Detection Technologies (Rep. No. SP0900-94-D-0002), Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center, Ft. Belvoir, 1995. 

T.G. Albro and J. Lippert, Use of the atomic emission detector for screening and detection of chemical warfare agents and their breakdown products, in Proceedings of the 1994 ERDEC Scientific Conference on Chemical and Biological Defense Research., D.A. Berg (Ed.), National Technical Information Service, Spring-field, 171-176, 1996. 

Smart, J.K. (1996). History of Chemical and Biological Wafare Fact Sheets. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD US Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command Special Study 50. Not cleared for public release. 

Parsa, R., Green, H. (2001). Destruction of DFP by organophosphorus acid anhydrase covalently coupled to the comified layer of human epidermis. In Proceedings of the Internal Symposium on Applications of Enzymes in Chemical and Biological Defense. Orlando, FL. 

Adopt a reasoned view of chemical and biological weapons exposure environments. In the Cold War, massive attack scenarios led to requirements for chemical and biological defense for the Services on the basis of exposures at the point of release (i.e., the highest level). The risk-based approach recommended by the committee ties levels of protection not to the worst case, but to an accep-... 

Due to their expanded scope of chemical and biological defense associated with the war on terrorism, the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Health and Human Services, especially in the area of vaccines, may impact the Joint CBD Program. The committee believes, however, that its recommendations remain applicable, although the Department of the Navy should follow closely and leverage these activities as much as possible. 

The General Accounting Office (GAO) concludes that military Services face many of the same problems [of chemical and biological defense] that they confronted during the Persian Gulf conflict in 1990 and 1991. 4... 

U.S. General Accounting Office. 1996. Chemical and Biological Defense Emphasis Remains Insufficient to Resolve Continuing Problems, GAO/NSIAD-96-103, Washington, D.C., March. 

Perrin, David A. 2000. Chemical and Biological Defense Requirements Study, CRM D0002877.A1, Center for Naval Analyses, Alexandria, Va., p. 1. 

Office of the Inspector General. 1998. Unit Chemical and Biological Defense Readiness Training, Report No. 98-174, Department of Defense, Arlington, Va., July 17. 

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