Chemical analysis, strategies

The chemical analysis strategy, that is, a total, target analyte, or broad spectrum determination... 

Precipitation reactions have many applications. One is to make compounds. The strategy is to choose starting solutions that form a precipitate of the desired insoluble compound when they are mixed. Then we can separate the insoluble compound from the reaction mixture by filtration. Another application is in chemical analysis. In qualitative analysis—the determination of the substances present in a sample—the formation of a precipitate is used to confirm the identity of certain ions. In quantitative analysis, the aim is to determine the amount of each substance or element present. In particular, in gravimetric analysis, the amount of substance present is determined by measurements of mass. In this application, an insoluble compound is precipitated, the precipitate is filtered off and weighed, and from its mass the amount of a substance in one of the original solutions is calculated (Fig. 1.6). Gravimetric analysis can be used in environmental monitoring to find out how much of a heavy metal ion, such as lead or mercury, is in a sample of water. 

Leitner, A., and Lindner, W. (2004) Current chemical tagging strategies for proteome analysis by mass spectrometry./. Chrom. B813, 1-26. 

Maisch D, Wadhwani P, Afonin S, Bottcher C, Koksch B, Ulrich AS (2009) Chemical labeling strategy with (R)- and (S)-trifluoromethylalanine for solid state 19F NMR analysis of peptaibols in membranes. J Am Chem Soc 131 15596-15597... 

This study is an overview focused on the application of the main analytical strategies based on chemical analysis and biological toxicity assays for pesticides, to be used as a combined approach for the evaluation of pesticides in wastewaters. 

What is different about the analytical strategy for instrumental analysis, compared to wet chemical analysis ... 

One of the central problems in air pollution research and control is to determine the quantitative relationship between ambient air quality and emission of pollutants from sources. Effective strategies to control pollutants can not be devised without this information. This question has been mainly addressed in the past with source-oriented techniques such as emission inventories and predictive diffusion models with which one traces pollutants from source to receptor. More recently, much effort has been directed toward developing receptor-oriented models that start with the receptor and reconstruct the source contributions. As is the case with much of air pollutant research, improvements in pollutant chemical analysis techniques have greatly enhanced the results of receptor modeling. 

The appealing optical properties of QDs make these semiconductor nanocrystals very attractive for a wide variety of applications. In the field of (bio)chemical analysis, the ability to tune the QDs optical properties and to tailor the chemical and biological characteristics of their surfaces are enabling a growing number of creative analytical strategies. 

QDs have been also used extensively as efficient donors in the development of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) systems. The key developments and most recent applications in chemical analysis using such QDs-based strategies are reviewed below. 

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