Charge transfer, solid state

Keywords Charge transfer solid Electronic dimensionality Functional organic solid Ionicity diagram Organic metal Organic superconductor Phase transition Quantum spin liquid state Switching... 

Braun [22] extended Onsager s theory to the case that the dissociating e-h pair is the lowest excited state of the system, such as the charge transfer (CT) state in a binary molecular solid, for instance a charge transfer crystal composed by donor-acceptor moieties or a molecular solid doped with either donors or acceptors. The essential new element in Braun s theory is the notion that the e-h pair has a finite lifetime, determined by its nonradiative decay. This implies that an initially optically... 

Dorfman et al have used theoretical models to examine the probabilities of photoinduced charge separation in solid matrices which are relatively concentrated in acceptors ([donor) [acceptor]). " Hoffman et al have presented a readable discussion of the coupling between slow nuclear motions of environmental species, such as might be the case for some conformational changes, and electron transfer processes.Such coupling has been labeled gated electron transfer. Simon and Su have used the fluorescence Stokes shift, band shape, and decay kinetics of 6w-(dimethylaminophenyl)-sulfone, which has a twisted intramolecular charge transfer excited state, to examine... 

Vanadium pentoxide, vanadium(V) oxide, V2O5, is the most important compound in this oxidation state. It is a coloured solid (colour due to charge transfer, p. 60), the colour varying somewhat (red -> brown) with the state of subdivision it is formed when vanadium (or some of its compounds) is completely oxidised, and also by heating ammonium vanadate)V) ... 

The transfer of PCSs from solutions into the solid state may be accompanied by the origination of hydrogen and salt bonds, by associations in crystalline regions, or by charge transfer states and some other phenomena. These effects are followed by some conformational transformations in the macromolecules. The solution of the problem of the influence of these phenomena on the conjugation efficiency and on the complex of properties of the polymer is of fundamental importance. 

The radical anions of dialkyl sulfoxides (or sulfones) may be obtained by direct capture of electron during y-irradiation. It was shown that electron capture by several electron acceptors in the solid state gave anion adducts 27. It was concluded276 that these species are not properly described as radical anions but are genuine radicals which, formed in a solid state cavity, are unable to leave the site of the anions and exhibit a weak charge-transfer interaction which does not modify their conformation or reactivity appreciably, but only their ESR spectra. For hexadeuteriodimethyl sulfoxide in the solid state, electron capture gave this kind of adduct 278,28 (2H isotopic coupling 2.97 G is less than 3.58 G normally found for -CD3). 

Thus the key experimental observation Equation (7.11), is satisfied in presence of spillover. When an external overpotential AUWR is applied, with a concomitant current, I, and O2 flux I/2F, although UWR is not fixed anymore by the Nemst equation but by the extremally applied potential, still the work function Ow will be modified and Equations (7.11) and (7.12), will remain valid as long as ion spillover is fast relative to the electrochemical charge transfer rate I/2F.21 This is the usual case in solid state electrochemistry (Figs. 7.3b, 7.3d) as experimentally observed (Figs. 5.35, 5.23, 7.4, 7.6-7.9). 

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