Charge transfer complex, solid state

Z. G. Soos and D. J. Klein, Charge-transfer in solid-state complexes, in Molecular Association, Vol. 1 59. 

Quinhydrone charge-transfer complexes were the subject of study by Paul, Curtin and co-workers in the 1980s [15-18]. Unsymmetrically substituted quinhydrones, which are very labile in solution with respect to redox self-iso-merisation, form asymmetric charge-transfer complexes upon solid-state grinding. For example, 1,4-benzoquinone and 2-methylhydroquinone form the charge-transfer complex 3 upon solid-state grinding with a mortar and pestle. 

Pac SS, Saito G (2002) Peculiarity of hexamethylenetetratellurafulvalene (HMTTeF) charge transfer complexes of donor-acceptor (D-A) type. J Solid State Chem 168 486-496... 

Murata T, Enomoto Y, Saito G (2008) Exploration of charge-transfer complexes of a nucleobase crystal stracture and properties of cytosine-Et2TCNQ salt. Solid State Sci 10 1364-1368... 

An example of exciplex formation in the solid state may be afforded by perylene doped crystals of pyrene which emit a green structureless fluorescence in addition to the blue and orange-red excimer bands of pyrene and perylene, respectively. Hochstrasser112 has shown that the energy of the emitting species is consistent with that of a charge transfer complex of pyrene and perylene molecules in a bimolecular unit of the pyrene lattice. 

Cycloadduct formation is not observed upon irradiation of t-1 with fumaronitrile, maleic anhydride, or tetracyanoethylene. Irradiation of t-1 and maleic anhydride results in the formation of an alternating copolymer (96). The radical-ion pair or free radical ions obtained upon irradiation of the charge-transfer complex in polar solvent are presumed to be the initiating species. Irradiation of the ground state complex of t-1 and tetracyanoethylene at 580 nm in solution or the solid state results in neither adduct formation or t-1 isomerization (76). Irradiation of t-1 at 313 nm in the presence of tetracyanoethylene results in rapid isomerization followed by slow but quantitative formation of phenanthrene and tetracyanoethane (97). Product formation is proposed to occur via a dark reaction of dihydrophenanthrene with the electron-poor alkene. 

Artificial bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) have an electrical conductivity of k = 10-14-10-12 S cm-1, less than cell membranes by a factor of 106. The conductivity is increased to physiological levels with the introduction of electron acceptors or proteins in the artificial membranes that form charge transfer complexes with the lipids, as for solid state lipids11. 

Riboflavin was discovered by Isenberg and Szent-Gyorgyi [210] to form a complex with serotonin, colored at low temperature in solution and the solid state. Unprotonated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) forms a charge-transfer complex with serotonin creatinine sulfate [211]. Douzou [212] noted that decreasing temperature caused a partially reversible increase in optical density of the NAD-serotonin complex. He claims that aggregation of the complex constituents is followed by oxidation. Serotonin complexes of pteridines are also known [1]. 

Benzo[a]quinolizinium (ions), methyl-, reactivity, 55, 349 BenzoIWquinolizinium (ions/salts) calculated electron densities, 55, 275 calculated electronic spectrum, 55, 324 charge transfer complexation, 55, 352 halogenation, 59, 331 photodimerisation in solid state, 55, 320, 352... 

The jeio-aryldipyrrytmethanoato (adpm) acetylacetonato Cu(II) complexes (1) show in the UV-vis spectra the characteristic charge-transfer band at 494 nm " of heteroleptic [Cu(adpm)(acac)j complexes. For Cu(dik)2 type of complexes solid-state electronic spectra show the intraligand tt-tt transitions of the acac ligand in the 270-340 nm region, whereas LMCT transitions appear in the 400-420 nm range. 

Phenazines may be part of molecular and charge-transfer complexes which possess solid state electrical properties. A -Methylphenazinium tetracyanoquinodimethanide is one of the best organic conductors. ... 

The discovery of the unusually high solid-state electrical conductivity of the charge-transfer complex of TTF with TCNQ has prompted extensive investigations of 1,3-dithiolium salts, an important class of intermediates for the synthesis of tetrathiafulvalene derivatives. 

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