Charge shape

Traditional electrophoresis involves the differential migration of charged species in an electrolyte solution under the influence of an applied potential gradient. The rate of migration of each species is a function of its charge, shape and size. In traditional zone electrophoresis, the electrolyte solution is retained by an inert porous supporting medium, usually paper or gel, in the form of a sheet or column. Application of a dc potential across the solution for a period of time results in the components of a mixture, originally placed... 

Demolition Charges. Accdg to OrdnSergeant (Ref 4a, p 18), Italian military demolition expls of WWII were plastic, such as the one consisting of RDX 67.2, NG 16.3, A1 12.2 wax 4.1% (adds to 99.8%). It was of gray color and the charge shaped like a pancake, ball or hollow cylinder. Another charge consisted of RDX,... 

To interact chemically with its receptor, a drug molecule must have the appropriate size, electrical charge, shape, and atomic composition. Furthermore, a drug is often administered at a location distant from its intended site of action, eg, a pill given orally to relieve a headache. Therefore, a useful drug must have the necessary properties to be transported from its site of administration to its site of action. Finally, a practical drug should be inactivated or excreted from the body at a reasonable rate so that its actions will be of appropriate duration. 

Each type of histone has variant forms, because certain amino acid side chains are enzymatically modified by methylation, ADP-ribosylation, phosphorylation, gly-cosylation, or acetylation. Such modifications affect the net electric charge, shape, and other properties of histones, as well as the structural and functional properties of the chromatin, and they play a role in the regulation of transcription (Chapter 28). 

Especially for npnideal explosives charge shape and size should if possible resemble that of the intended application. Deviations from spherical charge shape should, however, not be too large. Length to diameter ratios over 10 should be avoided because shock energy evaluation with only one gage assumes spherical symmetry in shock wave parameters. ... 

Compounds differing in charge, shape, or molecular weight may have markedly different diffusion coefficients. For example, D values in CH3CN for the metal sandwich complexes ferrocene and (C6Me6)2Ru2+ are reported as 2 x 10 5 cm2/s and 0.7 x 10 5 cm2/s, respectively [7],... 

Electrophoresis is the process of moving charged molecules in solution by applying an electrical field across the mixture. Because molecules in an electrical field move with a speed dependent on their charge, shape, and size, electrophoresis has been extensively developed for molecular separations. 

Statistical mechanics was originally formulated to describe the properties of systems of identical particles such as atoms or small molecules. However, many materials of industrial and commercial importance do not fit neatly into this framework. For example, the particles in a colloidal suspension are never strictly identical to one another, but have a range of radii (and possibly surface charges, shapes, etc.). This dependence of the particle properties on one or more continuous parameters is known as polydispersity. One can regard a polydisperse fluid as a mixture of an infinite number of distinct particle species. If we label each species according to the value of its polydisperse attribute, a, the state of a polydisperse system entails specification of a density distribution p(a), rather than a finite number of density variables. It is usual to identify two distinct types of polydispersity variable and fixed. Variable polydispersity pertains to systems such as ionic micelles or oil-water emulsions, where the degree of polydispersity (as measured by the form of p(a)) can change under the influence of external factors. A more common situation is fixed polydispersity, appropriate for the description of systems such as colloidal dispersions, liquid crystals, and polymers. Here the form of p(cr) is determined by the synthesis of the fluid. 

The conformations of polyphosphate chains in the crystals depend on the nature of the metal cations. The period of the recurring unit changes depending on the charge, shape and electronic envelope structure of the metal cations. The structures of some crystalline... 

HNO = hexanitrooxanilide 177 HNS = hexanitrostilbene 177 Hohlladung = hollow charge shaped charge 283... 

Holland test Dutch test 114 hollow charge = shaped charge 42 62 283... 

Fig. 7.1 Conventional cylindrical explosive charge, shaped charge, shaped charge with metal liner.

Electrophoresis involves the differential migration of charged species in aq. electrolyte solution under the influence of an applied potential gradient. The rate of migration of each species is a function of its charge, shape and size. 

P. H. Hiinenberger (2000) Optimal charge-shaping functions for the particle-particle-particle-mesh (p3m) method for computing electrostatic interactions in molecular simulations. J. Chem. Phys. 113(23), pp. 10464-10476... 

Other characteristics of particles that influence their deposition are density, charge, shape, solubility, and hygroscopicity. These play a secondary role to particle size. The density of the particle contributes to its mass and, thus, inertia [20,23]. Increasing density will result in increased, or more rapid, deposition of particles. Charge has a number of effects. First, particles may aggregate as... 

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