Characterization, film morphological

Characterization of PS and Growth Kinetics. A number of systematic studies were carried out to characterize the morphology and growth kinetics of PS from the mid-1970s to the early It was then established that the brown film... 

As shown in Table 4.7, several methods have been used to characterize the morphology of polymer blends containing a block copolymer. In the pioneering works, transparency of films cast from solutions was used as a measure of the emulsifying agent efficiency [Riess et al, 1967 Banderet et al, 1967]. Other studies have focused on the observation of phase size reduction in the scanning... 

Ellahi Mujtaba, Liu Fang, Song Ping, et al. Characterization and morphology of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films. Soft Mater. 12 no. 3 (2014) 339-345. 

While ample evidence from the laboratory suggests that surfactant films significantly influence aerosol heterogeneous chemistry, no direct evidence of this effect for ambient aerosols exists at this time. In part this is due to the challenges of characterizing aerosol morphology in situ. 

The quality of the results delivered by microscopy depends very much on the sample preparation step since, without great care being taken at this time, no condu-sions can be drawn on polymer blend morphology that are free from error and/or artifacts. The principal sample preparation routes used for characterizing polymer morphology by EM involve thin films, cut surfaces, fractured surfaces, and etched surfaces. 

Bar et al. [71] characterized the morphology of blends of poly(styrene)-WocA -poly(ethene-co-but-l-ene)-WocA -poly(styrene) with isotactic and atactic polypropylene block copolymers by ICAFM. Samples deposited from solution onto a glass substrate, dried, and annealed or quenched from the melt and by samples cut by an ultramicrotome were compared with earher TEM results. The polymer film on the side of the film-glass interface was studied rather than the free surfaces of the polymer. 

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