Chain map

FceRI receptor (a-chain) mapped to chromosome lq23 21... 

Carbohydrate-chain mapping/microheterogeneity pattern in case of glycoproteins... 

Griffin GA, Emanuel BS, Hansen JR, et al. Human collagen genes encoding basement membrane alpha-1 (IV) and alpha-2 (IV) chains map to the distal long arm of chromosome 13. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987 84 512-516. 

DNA (Table 1.2) (Figure 1.74). The helbc sense of Z-form DNA is now left handed and the backbones of the two poly deoxynucleotide chains map out a zigzag spiral path. This results from the tendency of deoxyguanosine nucleotide residues to distort so that their 2 -deoxy-/3-D-ribofuranose rings adopt a C -endo instead of C -endo twist conformation (Figure 1.71). However, in addition, the guanine bases move to a syn conformation (positioned over the top of their attached furanose rings), instead of the more usual anti conformation... 

Iwafune M, Kakizaki I, Nakazawa H, et al. (2004). A glycomic approach to proteoglycan with a two-dimensional polysaccharide chain map. Analyt. Biochem. 325 35-40. 

First we prove that I is /F-injective. It suffices to show that for any exact complex F, any chain map F —> I is null-homotopic. Let C = Cone(95), where Cone denotes the mapping cone. Consider the exact sequence... 

Let 3 denote the full subcategory of C(Mod(X,)) consisting of hounded below complexes of injective objects o/Mod(X,) with locally quasi-coherent cohomology groups. There is an 3-special inverse system (/n)nGN with the index set N and an inverse system of chain maps (/ t> F 7 ) such that... 

Supply Chain Mapping Considerations 2120 7.3. Organization Structure 2125... 

Supply chain mapping should begin from the right side (customer side) of the network, as shown in Figure 2. This wUl bring the correct focus to why the map is being constructed. 

At this point, existing processes and performance can be included in the supply chain map. 

Several examples of maps of different supply chains are shown here. Figure 2.4 is a general supply chain map. It shows the basic model of the suppfy chain and all the elements that need to be included. From this... 

Process mapping Supply chain management Supply chain map Acquisition costs Possession costs Application costs Inspection costs Internal/external failure costs... 

The first step in a supply chain audit is to map chain structure and ownership as well as associated flows of physical products and information (orders) between members of the supply chain. The role of a supply chain map is to get a picture of the overall supply process and where the particular retail store fits. It reminds the manager that the current supply sources may need to evolve as the product characteristics change. 

As an example, imagine that you are inside a grocery store and want to understand the supply chain of finished goods upstream of this store. The supply chain map (Figure 1.9) starts at the store and works its way upstream. The store carries inventory, which is picked up and purchased by retail customers. The goal of the store is to make things convenient for customers by enabling them to get their demand satisfied immediately... 

This chapter focuses on supply chain structure and ownership, one of the Cs in the supply chain framework. The chain structure is the backbone or the pipeline through which information and material flow in the supply chain. It is the process map of a supply chain that typically crosses many independent company boundaries. Once a supply chain map is generated, the location of entities, as well as ownership, and the connections to the rest of the supply chain architecture influence the observed lead times, costs, incentives, and thus performance, of the supply chain. 

In addition to summary reports regarding the supply chain, there are efforts to track the specific details for individual companies sourcing of their products. An open source software application called Source-map ([113]) maps supply chains linked to a dictionary of details such as their carbon footprint, greenhouse gas emissions, lead time, and more. The open source nature of the software enables crowdsourcing of supply chain maps and enables tracking down to the raw material source. The site contains source-maps for electronic products, apparel, food, and many others. The software permits any user to create such maps based on the data they possess and then pass the data along to others to edit and develop. 

But individual firms can use these maps to work with their suppliers to ensure that the associated supply chains conform to regulations or the company s ethical constraints, inform the customer regarding the environmental impact of the product sourcing, and so on. For example, the site shows the sourcing of chocolate across the world ([15]), along with specific supplier-related issues that are causes for concern. The data in these supply chain maps, similar to the NGO reports, potentially impact consumer choices and put pressure on companies to make changes. 

In many situations, the term value chain is used, often in place of supply chain, as in value chain mapping. We first encountered the term through... 

Turning all the arrows around gives the definition of cochain maps. Note furthermore that the identity maps give a chain map, that chain maps can be composed coordinatewise, and that this composition rule is associative. 

Probably one of the most used properties of chain maps is that they induce maps on the homology groups. Indeed, let = Cl,dD and be two chain complexes, and let / be a chain map. Since the... 

Proposition 3.30. Let and he arbitrary chain complexes. Then any chain map f induces homomorphisms on the homology groups... 

An important part of the theory of chain complexes is the observation that the chain maps can be deformed algebraically. 

Without a doubt, the most important use of chain homotopies is to be able to show indirectly that two chain maps induce the same homology homomorphisms. 

Proof of Proposition 3.33. By Proposition 3.30 we need to show that a sim-plicial map f A2 will induce a chain map between the corresponding... 

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