Chain, Ernst

Robinson, P. (2012). Managing indirect taxes in the supply chain. Ernst Young, http //www.ey. com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Managing-indirect-taxes-in-the-supply-chain/ FILE/Managing-... 

Food Chain Bioaccumulation. Endosulfan is bioconcentrated by aquatic organisms (Ernst 1977 Novak and Ahmad 1989 NRCC 1975 Roberts 1972 Schimmel et al. 1977) but not by plants or animals (ERA 1982a). The compound is metabolized by terrestrial (Coleman and Dolinger 1982 El Beit et al. 1981c Martens 1977 NRCC 1975) and aquatic organisms (Cotham and Bidleman 1989), and it does not biomagnify to any great extent in terrestrial or aquatic food chains (HSDB 1999). No additional information on the bioaccumulation of endosulfan is needed at this time. 

In the 1930s, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain worked with a team of scientists at Oxford University in Britain. Ernst Chain discovered an earlier paper by Alexander Fleming on the antibacterial properties of penicillin. 

Sir Alexander Fleming first noted the ability of the mould P. notatum to produce an antibiotic substance (which he called penicillin) in 1928. However, he also noted that when penicillin was added to blood in vitro, it lost most of its antibiotic action, and Fleming consequently lost interest in his discovery. In the late 1930s, Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and Norman Heatley began to work on penicillin. They purified it and, unlike Fleming, studied its effect on live animals. They found that administration of penicillin to mice after their injection with lethal doses of streptococci protected the mice from an otherwise certain death. 

Alexander Fleming, Ernst B. Chain, and Howard W. Florey Physiology/Medicine Discovery and structure of penicillin... 

Unfortunately, lysozyme failed to destroy bacteria that caused human diseases and was never used as a medicine. Despite the limited utility of lysozyme, Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain of Oxford University later determined both its structure and the mechanism by which it destroys bacteria. These two scientists would figure prominendy in Fleming s greatest discovery penicillin. 

Scottish bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming, corecipient, with Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey, of the 1945 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases. ... 

Professor Emeritus Ernst Chain, FRS Imperial College of Science and Technology... 

Abraham, E. (1983). Ernst Boris Chain, 19 June 1906-12 August 1979. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 29 42-91. 

Starr, R., Novak, U., Willson, T. A., Inglese, M., Murphy, V., Alexander, W. S., Metcalf, D., Nicola, N. A., Hilton, D. J., and Ernst, M. (1997). Distinct roles for leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha-chain and gpl30 in cell type-specific signal transduction. / Biol. Chem. 272, 19982-19986. 

Cell suspension tests can Indicate tdilch type of surfactant could be potentially incompatible after long periods of storage. Three basic types of surfactants exist anionic, cationic, and non-ionic. Parr (27) surmised that anionic surfactants are the least phytotoxic, but the results of Ernst (28) do not confirm that all anionic surfactants are harmless. Surfactants with short, aliphatic, carbon chains may also be more toxic than those with larger molecular groups (29). The surfactant s influence iii vitro may exaggerate the effect in dry, wettable powder formulations, and thus provide an accelerated test of compatablllty. 

D. Seebach, A. Jacobi, M. Rueping, K. Gademann, M. Ernst, B. Jaun, Synthesis of p-Hexa-and P-Heptapeptides Containing Novel p - -Amino Acids with Two Serine or Two Cysteine Side Chains - CD- and NMR-Spectroscopic Evidence for 3 4-Helical Secondary Structures in Water , Helv. Chim. Acta 2000, 83, 2115 - 2140 and in Hominatio - An International Tribute to Albert Eschenmosef , (Ed. M.V. Kisakurek), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2001. 

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