Cesium intake

Kavas-OglyA, Luteuliaev F, Raeiev A, Onishchenko V, Abbasova B, Mamatkulov K and Rish M (1995) Bromine, rubidium and cesium intakes from self-selected diets by residents of the Samarkand oasis. Mengen- und Spurenelemente 15 735-740. 

Acute effects in animals and humans resulting from a cesium deficiency or related to high cesium intake have not been reported. A high intake of cesium is rapidly excreted via the kidneys (Yamagata etal., 1966), and consequently no reports have been made on any chronic effects due to stable cesium intake. Neither have any mutagenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic effects of stable cesium been either studied or described. 

Bothmer, S.V., K.J. Johanson, and R. Bergstrom. 1990. Cesium-137 in moose diet considerations on intake and accumulation. Sci. Total Environ 91 87-96. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 4.3 Label Dangerous When Wet SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. A ver reactive alkaK metal (more reactive than potassium or cesium). In the body, rubidium substitutes for potassium as an intracellular ion. The ratio of Rb/K intake is important in the toxicology of rubidium. A ratio above 40% is dangerous. In rats, a failure to gain weight is the first symptom, followed by ataxia and hyperirritabihty. Symptoms include skin ulcers, poor hair coat, sensitivity, and extreme nervousness leading to convulsions and death. 

The metabolism and tissue distribution of cesium-137 were studied in rats injected intraperitoneally and sacrificed 1-300 days postinjection. In a chronic study, rats were administered cesium-137 in their drinking water daily. In the acute study, with the exception of the brain, muscle, and total animal, all tissues showed retention curves resolvable into three exponential components with half-lives of 1.5-2, 5-8, and 15-17 days. Retention in muscles was resolvable into a two-exponential function with half-lives of 8 and 16 days. In the chronic study, the highest equilibrium cesium-137 concentrations, 10% of the average daily intake per gram, occurred in the muscle. The authors concluded that the muscle should be considered the formal critical organ for cesium-137. 

D. The uptake by the body of radioisotopes can be blocked in some cases. For example, potassium iodide or iodate if given prior to or soon after an intake of radioiodine, will reduce the uptake of radioiodine by the thyroid gland. Similarly, orally administered Prussian Blue will reduce the absorption of cesium from the gut and Alginate will reduce strontium absorption. No policy exists which would allow for NATO forces to stock and issue chelators. 

Messiha FS (1978a) Cesium and rubidium salts ffects on voluntary intake of ethanol by the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior 9 647—651. Messiha FS (1978b) Voluntary drinking of ethanol by the rat biogenic amines and possible underlying mechanism. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior 9 379-384. 

Cesium levels in milk are about one-quarter to one-tenth those in the feed, and almost four-fold those in blood. Milk and blood cesium levels are strongly correlated (Heine et al., 1977) and depend on Cs concentrations in the feed. In the UK, the daily intake of cesium by humans is about 13 pg (Hamilton and Minsky, 1972). 

I. Pharmacology. Prussian blue (ferric hexocyanoterrate) has been used to treat radioactive cesium and thallium poisonings. It functions by means of ion exchange. Oral intake of Pmssian blue is thought to bind thallium and cesium in the gut as they undergo enterohepatic recirculation, leading to increased fecal excretion. 

Annual effective dose Cesium-137 total intake <1 mSv (<0.1 rem)... 

Whole body dose through intake of cesium-137... 

Inhalation of biologically soluble cesium produces a dose to the whole body, but the biological half-life of cesium is quite short, so that even though the radioactive half-life of cesium-137 is very long (30 years), the dose from a.n intake of this isotope is relatively small. We assume the release of only half the corresponding quantity at end of fuel life, i.e., 69.2 Ci (this may be regarded as fair if the reactor is continuously refueled, or if for a once-fueled reactor we wish to take a mean figure over the core life). 

Alldredge, A. W., J. F. Lipscomb, and F. W. Whicker. 1974. Forage intake rates of mule deer estimated with fallout cesium-137. J. Wildl. Manage. 38(3) 508-516. 

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