Cervical tissue processing

These combined contraceptives seem to function by inducing feedback inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion which, in turn, inhibits the process of ovulation (Chapter 8). They also induce alterations in the endometrial tissue that may prevent implantation. Furthermore, the progestogen promotes thickening of the cervical mucus, which renders it less hospitable to sperm cells. This combination of effects is quite effective in preventing pregnancy. 

In this chapter the application of multichannel IR detector arrays to mammalian tissue is discussed from a practical perspective. The major emphasis will be on the application of the technology to cervical cancer diagnosis focusing on sample preparation, instrumental parameters, data processing techniques and correlation with histology. The next part of the chapter focuses on the application of the technique to arthritis research by investigating the effect of specific antibodies that induce an arthritic type of response in bovine cartilage explants. In the final part of the chapter... 

Figure 6.4 Hyperspectral FT-IR data processing performed simultaneously on four adjacent tissue sections from a cervical biopsy sample. The numbers 1 to 4 identify the individual sections in the figure, (a) A univariate chemical image obtained from the integrated area under the 1275-1190cm region after baseline subtraction (b) A four-cluster map derived from analysis over the 1272-950cm spectral window. The cluster...

Biomedical Central article [9]). Moreover, 3-D FT-IR multivariate processing enables the visualization of thick tissue sections that cannot normally be analyzed using conventional mid-lR spectroscopic techniques, due to the limited depth penetration of IR radiation. The thin sections (4 pm) required for use with the Kevley slides are less than the thickness of a single cervical cell consequently, the... 

The thoracic spine is subject to many conditions that affect the cervical and lumbar spine including somatic dysfunction, herniation of an intervertebral disk, arthritis, and other bony and soft tissue injuries and degenerative processes. Osteoporosis coimnonly manifests in the thoracic spine, with vertebral compression fractures and formation of the dowager s hump, caused by micro fractures of the anterior bodies of the vertebrae leading to a forward bending of the upper thoracic spine. This chapter discusses some of the conditions most commonly affecting the thoracic spine. 

Thirdly, the surgical access to the anterior cervical spine is easier, and less risky for the patient, than the access to the anterior lumbar spine. Furthermore, the ease of access for cervical disc replacements is preserved during revision, whereas in the lumbar spine, scar tissue and adherent vessels greatly complicate the anterior revision process. For these main reasons, cervical disc arthroplasty appears to be a less risky proposition than lumbar arthroplasty, both in terms of the feasibility of available technology options for the implants, as well as in terms of the risk to the patient during the procedure. 

A vertebral bone specimen with attached pedicles, laminae and processes was obtained by excision of bovine cervical bone. All soft tissues were removed from the specimen. The spinous process of the sample was detached from the point where laminae meet process and cut into several small pieces of about 30 mm in length. Fig. la shows the dimension of a process sample which is about 38 mm x 30 mm. The cross section of the sample shown in Fig. lb reveals two approximately 3 mm thick cortical layers with a cancellous core. The sample is larger than a typical pedicle but the cancellous core is similar to that of pedicle with a maximum core thickness of 5 mm. 

In cases of basilar impression, CT of the cranium and upper cervical spine can image the invaginated odontoid process and other bony anomalies. A typical CT finding is a complete dense ring of bone on the lower cut of the posterior fossa at which level in normal cases there is still brain tissue (Boles et al. 1977). Moreover, such accompanying anomalies as syrinx, Chiari malformation, hydrocephalus are also detectable (di Chiro and Schellinger 1976, Nakagawa et al. 1977, Lee et al. 1978, Oberson and Azam 1978, Carella et al. 1981, Isu et al. 1983). 

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