Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

R6. Reiber, H., Cerebrospinal fluid analysis. In CSF Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis (E. J. Thomson, M. Trojano, and R Livrea, eds.). Springer-Verlag, Milano, 1996. 

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis Francisco A. Luque and Stephen L. Jaffe... 

Reiber H., Peter J. B. (2001). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis disease related data... 

A 45-year-old woman with resistant rheumatoid arthritis was given etanercept 25 mg twice weekly. Nine days later she developed total acute sensory loss, with flaccid paraplegia, fecal incontinence, and urinary retention. MRI imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were consistent with a diagnosis of transverse myelitis. She also had positive antinuclear and anticardiohpin antibodies. After etanercept withdrawal and treatment with dexa-methasone and cyclophosphamide, her motor function improved with no change in sensory function. 

A 47-year-old woman developed progressive knee and back pain, weakness, paresthesia, sensory loss, ataxia, and falls. Physical, neurological, and neurophysiological examinations, T2-weighted MRI scans of the brain and spine, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and serum concentration measurements showed that she had a myeloneuropathy with anemia, due to copper deficiency, secondary to zinc overload associated with long-term use of denture cream with a high zinc content, which she... 

Typical biological fluids include blood and blood serum, blood plasma, urine and saliva. Measurement of calcium in serum was the first analysis to which the technique of AAS was applied and is an obvious example of how FAAS is useful for biomedical analysis. Other specimens e.g. dialysis fluids, intestinal contents, total parenteral nutrition solutions, may be analysed on rare occasions. Elements present at a sufficiently high concentration are lithium and gold when used to treat depression and rheumatoid arthritis respectively, and calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc. Sodium and potassium can be determined by FAAS but are more usually measured by flame atomic emission spectroscopy or with ion selective electrodes. Other elements are present in fluids at too low a concentration to be measured by conventional FAAS with pneumatic nebulization. With other fluids, e.g. seminal plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, analysis may just be possible for a very few elements. 

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