Cerebral metabolic rate glucose

Cerebral metabolic rate declines from developmental levels and plateaus after maturation. Reliable quantitative data on the changes in cerebral circulation and metabolism in humans from the middle of the first decade of life to old age have been reported [2,39,44]. By 6 years of age, cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption already have attained high rates, and they decline thereafter to the rates of normal young adulthood [45]. Oxygen is utilized in the brain almost entirely for the oxidation of carbohydrates [46]. The equation for the complete oxidation of glucose is ... 

Kinnala, A., Suhonen-Polvi, H., Aarimaa, T. etal. Cerebral metabolic rate for glucose during the first six months of life an FDG positron emission tomography study. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonat. Ed. 74 F153-F157,1996. 

Heiss, W. D., Pawlik, G., Herholz, K. etal. Regional kinetic constants and cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in normal human volunteers determined by dynamic positron... 

ATP adenosine 5 -triphosphate CMRglc cerebral metabolic rate for glucose... 

Baxter, L.R., Phelps, M.E., Mazziotta, J.C., Schwartz, J.M., Gerner, R.H., Selin, C.E., and Sumida, R.M. (1985) Cerebral metabolic rates for glucose in mood disorders. Studies with positron emission tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose F 18. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42 441-447. 

Fig. 4.4. Bar graph of viability thresholds of cerebral blood flow for a variety of functions and metabolites. Note that selective neuronal loss occurs at consistently higher flow values than overt infarction. CMRG, cerebral metabolic rate of glucose PCr, phosphocreatine ATP, adenosine triphosphate. [Adapted and reproduced with permission from Hossmann (1994)]...

Fuzhisan (FZS), a Chinese herbal medicine, may have a positive effect on cognition, behavioral functions, and regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption (rCMRglc) in mild-to-moderate AD patients [198]. 

In studies of normal persons deprived of sleep, and colleagues at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, and the Division of Nuclear Medicine of Johns Hopkins, examined the effect of 24, 48, and 72 h of sleep deprivation on the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglu),young,normal,... 

Glycolytic flux through the Embden— Myerhof pathway is obviously decreased in hypoglycaemia, contributing to a decreased cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRgl) (Abdul-Rahman and Siesjo, 1980). Transamination reactions occur, and the aspartate—glutamate transaminase reaction is shifted to the left (Fig. 3.1). 

Alexander G. M., Schwartzman R J, Bell R D, Yu J., and Renthal A. (1981) Quantitative measurement of local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose utilizing tritiated 2-deoxyglucose. Brain Res 223, 59-67 Berger M. and Ben-Ari Y. (1983) Autoradiographic visualization of pH] kamic acid receptor subtypes in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci. Lett 39, 237-242. 

Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow by PET and of cerebral perfusion by SPECT often detect functional abnormalities before CT or MRI identifies morphological abnormalities 945 The PET method is a valuable tool for the estimation of regional glucose and oxygen metabolic rates and cerebral blood flow 946 PET and SPECT combined with principles of receptor binding permit imaging of receptors in the intact brain 946... 

Phelps,M.E.,Huang,S.C.,Hoffman,E.J.eta/.Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with 18F 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose validation of method. Ann. Neurol. 6 371-388,1979. 

Horwitz, B., Swedo, S.E., Grady, C.L., Pietrini, P., Schapiro, M.B., Rapoport, J.L., and Rapoport, S.I. (1991) Cerebral metabolic pattern in obsessive-compulsive disorder altered intercorrelatlons between regional rates of glucose utilization. Psychiatry Res 40 221-237. 

Baxter LR, Phelps ME, Mazziotti JC, et al Cerebral metabohc rates for glucose in mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 441-447, 1985 Baxter LR Jr, Thompson JM, Schwartz JM, et al. Trazodone treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder—correlated with shifts in glucose metabolism in the caudate nuclei. Psychopathology 20 (suppl 1 114-122, 1987 Beale MD, Kellner CH, Pritchett JT, et al Stimulus dose-titration in ECT a 2-year clinical experience. Convulsive Therapy 10 171-176, 1994 Beale MD, Kellner CH, Pritchett JT, et al ECT for OCD. J Clin Psychiatry 56 81-82, 1995... 

Two different patterns of abnormal hippocampal activity at rest have been described in schizophrenia lower regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates (rCMRglc) in the hippocampus (Buchsbaum et al., 1992 Tamminga et al., 1992 Nordahl et al., 1996) and increased medial temporal lobe regional cerebral blood... 

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