Cerebral blood flow schizophrenia

One of the most prominent positive symptoms in schizophrenia is the auditory hallucinations that are perceived as distinct voices emanating from outside the individual. Regional cerebral-blood-flow studies in patients experiencing auditory hallucinations reveal activation of the associational auditory cortex during the episodes of hallucinations, but not in their absence. One theory holds that auditory hallucinations occur as a consequence of the inability of individuals with schizophrenia to monitor effectively their inner speech. fMRI studies suggest that... 

Weinberger, D. R., Berman, K. F. and Zee, R. F. Physiologic dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. I. Regional cerebral blood flow evidence. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 43 114-124,1986. 

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Mapping. Such mapping techniques use radioactive probes (e.g., xenon-13) to delineate perfusion of cortical structures. For example, they have generally confirmed prefrontal cortex dysfunction in schizophrenia ( 37). 

Daniel DG, Weinberger DR, Jones DW, Zigun JR, Coppola R, et al. 1991. The effect of amphetamine on regional cerebral blood flow during cognitive activation in schizophrenia. J Neurosci 11 1907-1917. 

Holcomb HH, Lahti AC, Medoff DR, Cullen T, Tamminga CA. 2005. Effects of noncompetitive NMDA receptor blockade on anterior cingulate cerebral blood flow in volunteers with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology... 

Abnormal recruitment of the hippocampus during memory retrieval in schizophrenia. The right hippocampal region indicated in red in (a) showed increased relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during high accuracy recall when compared with both lexical retrieval at baseline and low accuracy recall in healthy control subjects ("controls" in (b)). This normal pattern was absent in the schizophrenia group and all three recall conditions were associated with higher rCBF in the hippocampus ("schizophrenics" in (b))... 

Kawasaki Y, Maeda Y, Sakai N, Higashima M, Yamaguchi N, et al. 1996. Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with schizophrenia Relevance to symptom structures. Psychiatry Res 67 49-58. 

Liddle PF, Friston KJ, Frith CD, Jones T, Hirsch SR, et al. 1992. Patterns of cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 160 179-186. 

Ragland JD, Gur RC, Raz J, Schroeder L, Kohler CG, et al. 2001. Effect of schizophrenia on frontotemporal activity during word encoding and recognition A PET cerebral blood flow study. Am J Psychiatry 158 1114-1125. 

Ho BC, Wassink TH, O Leary DS, Sheffield VC, Andreasen NC. 2005. Catechol-O-methyl transferase Vall58Met gene polymorphism in schizophrenia Working memory, frontal lobe MRI morphology and frontal cerebral blood flow. Mol Psychiatry 10 229, 287-229, 298. 

Lahti AC, Holcomb HH, Medoff DR, Weiler MA, Tamminga CA, et al. 2001. Abnormal patterns of regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia with primary negative symptoms during an effortful auditory recognition task. Am J Psychiatry 158(11) 1797-1808. 

Novak B, Milcinski M, Grmek M, Kocmur M (2005) Early effects of treatment on regional cerebral blood flow in first episode schizophrenia patients evaluated with 99Tc-ECD-SPECT. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 26 685-689. 

Weinberger, D. R., K. F. Berman, R. Suddath, and E. F. Torrey. 1992. Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia A magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins. American Journal of Psychiatry 149 890-97. 

Brain. - An historical review of developments in the field of cerebral blood flow and metabolism has been produced with 34 references. The use of NMR and magnetic resonance imaging in the study of function and dysfunction in the neonatal brain has been reviewed with 40 references. The potential of and NMR in the assessment of cerebral metabolism in experimental models and human hydrocephalus has been reviewed with 110 references.A review of the applications of C-labelling to studies of the human brain has been produced with 90 references. The detection of choline-containing phospholipids in acute and chronic neurodegeneration has been reviewed with 231 references.The role of and NMR in the study of schizophrenia has been reviewed in two parts. A review of the use of NMR in the study of phenylketonuria has been produced with 26 references and comments on the text have also been published. 

Holocomb HH, Lahti A (1997) Images of regional cerebral blood flow elevations. In Yudofsky SC, Hales RE (eds) The American psychatric press textbook of neuropsychiatry. 3rd edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC, London, p 869 Hudspeth AJ. Hearing (2000) In Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (eds) Principles of neural science. 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York Huey ED, Wexler BD (1994) Abnormalities in rapid, automatic aspects of attention in schizophrenia blunted inhibition of return. Schizophr Res 14(1) 57-63 Hyman R (1953) Stimulus information as a determinant of reaction time. J Exp Psychol 45 188-196... 

Liddle PF, Friston KJ, Frith CD, Hirsch SR, Jones T, Frackowiak RS (1992) Patterns of cerebral blood flow in Schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 160 179-186 Lidow MS, Wang F, Cao Y, Goldman-Rakic PS (1998) Layer V neurons bear the majority of mRNAs encoding the five distinct dopamine receptor subtypes in the primate prefrontal cortex. Synapse 28(1) 10-20... 

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