Cerebellar nuclei lateral nucleus

PP, peripeduncular nucleus PR, prerubral field Reth, retroethmoid nucleus RMC, red nucleus, magnocellular RPC, red nucleus, parvocellular scp, superior cerebellar peduncle SNC, substantia nigra, compact part SNL, substantia nigra, lateral part SNR, substantia nigra, reticular part SPFPC, subparafascicular thalamic nucleus, parvocellular part SuML, supramammillary nucleus, lateral part VTA, ventral tegmental area VTM, ventral tuberomammillary nucleus ZID, zona incerta, dorsal part ZIV, zona incerta, ventral part 3, oculomotor nucleus 3n, oculomotor nerve or its root. Reproduced with permission from Paxinos and Watson (1998) and Paxinos et al. (1999). 

Ikai et al. (1992) reported that the VTA sends projections to the rat cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei bilaterally, with a slight contralateral predominance. In this study, dopaminergic efferents of the A10 cell group were reported to reach mainly the granule cell layer of the cerebellar cortex in the lateral portion of the hemispheres, with additional input to the Purkinje cell layer, but sparing the molecular layer. The deep cerebellar nuclei, and in particular the lateral nucleus, were instead found to receive inputs from nondopaminergic cells of the VTA, reciprocating projections to the VTA bilaterally and with a contralateral predominance. 

The areas of the brain that retained the greatest concentrations of the label after intravenous Injection of [ H]BZ Into cats (16) were motor cortex, sensory cortex, caudate nucleus, lateral geniculate, and medial geniculate Smaller concentrations were retained In thalamus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, colliculi, cerebellar cortex, the pyramids of the medulla, cerebral white matter, and cerebellar white matter ... 

LatPC lateral cerebellar nucleus, parvicellular part 65-66, 85-86, 101-102... 

Schwarz C, Schmitz Y (1997) Projections from the cerebellar lateral nucleus to precerebellar nuclei in the mossy fiber pathway is glutamatergic a. study combining anterograde tracing with immunogold labeling in the rat. J Comp Neurol 3S/ 320-334. 

Ojima et al. (1989) showed that all cerebellar nuclei in rat are innervated by ChAT-immunoreactive fibers. The density of these fibers varies between the different nuclei. Moderately dense innervation was found in most of the medial nucleus and in the magnocellular part of the lateral nucleus, whereas only a few ChAT-immunoreactive fibers invade the ventromedial parvicellular portion of the lateral nucleus and most of the interposed. Also in the cerebellar nuclei of man a moderate density of ChAT-positive fibers has been observed (DeLacalle et al., 1993). Both in rat and man these fibers did not form pericellular networks. DeLacalle et al. (1993) and Ikeda et al. (1991) also found... 

The (central) cerebellar nuclei and the lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters receive the axons of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex and serve as the main output stations of the cerebellum. The vermis and the flocculus also project to other vestibular nuclei, but here the Purkinje cell axons compete with vestibular root fibers, intrinsic and commissural vestibular connections and projections from the medial cerebellar nucleus and, therefore, are not the dominant afferent system. 

The subdivision of Weidenreich-Ogawa received strong support from the localization of the fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncle. A small medial and a large lateral portion can be distinguished in this pathway in most mammals at its exit from the central nuclei (see in Fig. 102). Experiments in cat (Verhaart, 1956 Voogd, 1964) and rat (Haroian et ah, 1981) have shown that the medial part of the superior cerebellar peduncle takes its origin from the nuclei of the caudomedial group, mainly from the ipsilateral posterior interposed nucleus, and the lateral portion from the ipsilateral anterior interposed and lateral cerebellar nucleus. 

Fig. 103. The cerebellar nuclei of the cat. The transitional U-shaped region of the fastigial and posterior interposed nuclei is indicated by double hatching, be = brachium conjunctivum cr = restiform body DV = descending vestibular nucleus F = fastigial nucleus flo = floccular peduncle Ftail = tail of the fastigial nucleus lA = anterior interposed nucleus IP = posterior interposed nucleus L = lateral cerebellar nucleus LV = lateral vestibular nucleus MV = medial vestibular nucleus SV = superior vestibular nucleus u = uncinate tract Y = group y of Brodal and Pompeiano (1957).

Fig. 104. Two transverse, AChE-incubated sections through the cerebellar nuclei of the cat, A. Rostral section. B. Caudal section. Note medium-sized cells of dorsal group y in floccular peduncle and strongly AChE positive ventral group y along dorsal border of restiform body in (A) U-shaped nucleus between IP and F in (B). cr = restiform body F = fastigial nucleus flo-i-y = floccular peduncle with group y lA = anterior interposed nucleus IP = posterior interposed nucleus IP/F = U-shaped nucleus between F and IP L = lateral cerebellar nucleus sad = stria acoustica dorsalis.

Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei and the lateral cerebellar nucleus of rat and cat that react with antibodies against GAD or conjugates of GABA, generally are small (Mug-naini and Oertel, 1981, 1985 Houser et al., 1984 Gabbott et al., 1986 Kumoi et al.. 

Fig. 112. Retrograde transport of [ HJcholine (A,B) to perikarya (arrow-heads) in medial part of nucleus interpositus (Int) or in lateral cerebellar nucleus (LatC) and of wheat germ agglutinin-coupled HRP (E,F), but absence of retrogradely labelled elements in corresponding regions after application of D-pH]aspartate to the red nucleus (C,D), Rat, bright-field (A,E) as well as dark-field (B,F) illumination. Cresyl violet counterstaining. Bars = 0.5 mm. Bernays et al. (1988).

Serotonin-like immunoreactivity resides in a fine network of varicose fibers in the neuropil of all cerebellar nuclei. This plexus is most dense in the hilar region of the lateral cerebellar nucleus of the rat (Takeuchi et al., 1982), among the small, intrinsic neurons of this region (Chan-Palay, 1977) and in the caudal and dorsal regions of the central nuclei of the opossum (Fig. 117) (Bishop et al., 1985). 

Fig. 120. Compartments in the white matter of the cerebellum of the cat. Drawings and reconstructions from Haggqvist and AChE-stained sections. Compartments are indicated with different symbols. A-D. Graphical reconstructions of the rostral aspect of the anterior lobe (A) and the posterior lobe (B), the dorsal aspect (C) and the caudal aspect (D) of the cerebellum. Compare Fig. 98. E-G. Transverse sections. A = A compartment ANS = ansiform lobule ANT = anterior lobe B = B compartment Cl-3 = Cl-3 compartments cr = restiform body D(l,2) = D(l,2) compartments F = fastigial lateral cerebellar nucleus PFL = paraflocculus PMD = paramedian lobule SI = simple lobule vest = vestibular nuclei X = X compartment III-IX = lobules IIl-IX.

The term d, was applied to a narrow strip of climbing fiber-evoked potentials in the extreme lateral part of the anterior lobe by Ekerot and Larson (1979a, see Figs 171 and 175 ). The d2 zone can be activated by the dorsal spino-olivo-cerebellar-climbing-fiber-path and receives branches from climbing fibers which also innervate the lateral c, zone (Ekerot and Larson, 1982). The use of the letter d for this zone is misleading, because it neither projects to the lateral cerebellar nucleus or receives a projection from the principal olive. 

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