Ceramic scaffolds

Ordered mesoporous silica have already been studied as carriers for drug delivery [1,2] recently, their use has also been proposed in bone tissue engineering [3,4], in combination with bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds [5,6]. The kinetics of ibuprofen release in SBF [7] from MCM-41 silica with similar pore diameter has shown puzzling discontinuities [3,6,8] aim of the present work is to assess whether these anomalies may be related to structural changes in the MCM-41 mesoporous spheres under the adopted conditions. 

Petronis S, Eckert KL, Gold J, Wintermantel E. Microstructuring ceramic scaffolds for hepatocyte cell culture. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2001 12 523-8. 

GLASS-CERAMIC SCAFFOLDS FOR SUBCHONDRAL BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING... 

Figure 2. Stress-strain curve for the PLGA-coated bioactive glass-ceramic scaffold.

Figure 3. SEM micrographs with different magnifications (A and B) of BMSCs cultured onto the PLGA-coated bioactive glass-ceramic scaffold cultured at day 21.

Q.Z. Chen, I.D. Thompson, A.R. Boccaccini, 45S5 Bioglass(R)-Derived Glass-Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials, 27(11), 2414-2425 (2006). 

Q.Z. Chen, A. Efthymiou, V. Salih, A.R. Boccaccini, Bioglass -Derived Glass-Ceramic Scaffolds Study of Cell Proliferation and Scaffold Degradation in vitro. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 84A(4), 1049-1060 (2008). 

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF PLGA-COATED 517 POROUS BIOACTIVE GLASS-CERAMIC SCAFFOLDS FOR SUBCHONDRAL BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING... 

D. Rohanova, A. R. Boccaccini, D. M. Yunos, D. Horkavcova, 1. Brezovska and A. Helebrant, Tris Buffer in Simulated Body Fluid Distorts the Assessment of Glass-Ceramic Scaffold Bioactivity, Aaa Biomater, 2011,7,2623-2630. 

The porosity features of ceramic materials prepared by directed ice crystallization are also useful for the development of biomaterials. Since the size of the pores can be varied by changing the crystallization conditions, the materials are suitable for the synthesis of ceramic scaffolds. The oriented character of the porosity leads to an anisotropy in the mechanical properties of such ceramics that is similar to the anisotropy of natural bones [132, 174—178]. The most significant progress in this direction was achieved by the development of hydroxyapatite (HAP) ceramics with a compression strength close to that of natural bone [179], and also by the development of tough AI2O3-PMMA layered nacre-like composites [180]. 

Gerhardt, L., Boccaccini, A.R., 2010. Bioactive glass and gjass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Materials 3 (7), 3867. 

Bretcanu, O., Baino, F., Verne, E., Vitale-Brovarone, C. (2014). Novel resorbable glass-ceramic scaffolds for hard tissue fiom the parent phosphate glass to its bone like macro-porous derivatives. Journal of Bionuiterials Applications, 28(9), 1287—1303. 

Fabrication of Porous Ceramic Scaffolds via Polymeric Sponge Method Using Sol-Gel Derived Strontium Doped Hydroxyapatite Powder... 

Pore size distribution and pore geometry should be adapted to the respective tissue. Additionally, the scaffolds should have a basic stability for handling during implantation, which is provided by ceramic scaffolds. Thus, a number of fabrication methods for the production of porous ceramic materials have been developed. Among all... 

Orthopedics, and Depuy Co. In 2009, Medtronic Inc. (Minneapolis, United States) announced the production of Mastergrafl ceramic scaffolds for growing spinal implants that elute the corresponding drugs. SurMod-ics Inc. (Miimesota, United States) has reached certain success in surface modification and subsequent drug immobilization in the surface layer. However, OIs that meet all three above characteristics are practically still absent and will be the focus of innovative developments in this decade. 

Mortera, R., Onida, B., Fiorilli, S., et al., 2008. Synthesis and characterization of MCM-41 spheres inside bioactive glass-ceramic scaffold. Chemical Engineering Journal 137, 54-61. 

Natural or synthetic HA has been intensively nsed in pure ceramic scaffolds as well as in polymer-ceramic composite systems. In fact, dne to calcinm phosphate osteocon-ductive properties, HA, TCP and BCP can be nsed as a scaffold matrix for bone-tissue engineering. However, these ceramic phases do not possess osteoinductive ability and their biodegradability is relatively slow, particularly in the case of crystalline HA (see Section 15.4.1). To overcome these drawbacks, biodegradable polymers added with osteogenic potential cells are used to make new biocomposite materials. Some of the tissue-engineered CP-polymer nanocomposite scaffolds are briefly described in the following sections, showing that both natural and synthetic polymers can be used to this aim. 

Taboas J, Maddox R, Krebsbach P, Hollister S. Indirect solid free form fabrication of local and global porous, biomimetic and composite 3D polymer-ceramic scaffolds. Biomaterials 2003 24 181-94. 

Chen, Q. Z., Thompson, I. D., and Boccaccini, A. R. 2006. 45S5 Bioglass -derived glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 27,2414-2425. 

Schantz, J.-T., Brandwood, A., Hutmacher, D., Khor, H., and Bittner, K. 2005. Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells in computer designed fibrm-polymer-ceramic scaffolds manufactured by fused deposition modeling. /Mater Sci Mater Med, 16,807-819. 

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