Cephalothin dosing

The different anhydride and thioanhydride derivatives may be regarded merely as intermediates useful for obtaining amides and esters. The penicillin anhydrides were synthesized long ago [105,106]. Some cephalosporin anhydrides too were described recently [106]. Cephalothin anhydride (72a) was reported to be effective against S. aureus Smith in a dose of 0.24 figlml. Assuming quantitative hydrolysis, the antimicrobial... 

Sanders WE Jr, Johnson JE 3rd, Taggart JG. Adverse reactions to cephalothin and cephapirin. Uniform occurrence on prolonged intravenous administration of high doses. N Engl J Med 1974 290(8) 424-9. 

Urinary excretion was the major route of elimination for cephalothin both in men and in dogs.23>32 From 60 to of the dose appeared... 

Deacetylcephalothin and cephalothin lactone are microbiologically active hydrolysis products of cephalothin. Since these hydrolysis products give dose-response curves with the same slope as cephalothin, their presence can interfere with potency determinations of the parent compound. In the presence of high levels of hydrolysis products, the plate method using B. subtilis is recommended35 for assaying cephalothin because the method is quite insensitive to these substances. The presence of 13, or less, of deacetylcephalothin does not interfere with the assay for cephalothin, when measured relative to a cephalothin standard curve, and the low activity of cephalothin lactone precludes its interference. 

The conventional plate assay using Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341 has application for assay of urine, serum, and tissue extracts because of its sensitivity, 5 The method can measure activities as low as 0,2 pg/ml of cephalothin and 0,4 p.g/ral of deacetylcephalothin. In this assay, deacetylcephalothin is one-half as active as cephalothin, and since the dose-response curve of the deacetyl compound parallels that of the parent compound the method measures total activity of mixtures of these substances in terms of one of the pure standards. 

Acute tubular necrosis has followed the administration of cephaloridine in doses greater than 4 g/day this agent is no longer available in the U.S. Other cephalosporins, when used by themselves in recommended doses, rarely produce significant renal toxicity. High doses of cephalothin... 

Kabins SA, Eisenstein B, Cohen S (1965) Anaphylactoid reaction to an initial dose of sodium cephalothin. JAMA 193 159... 

Wheeler et al., (1979) described a series of amino acid AOM esters of cefamandole (33a-f) prepared to circumvent possible solubility problems. These esters were soluble in water however, after oral administration of a 17 mg/kg dose of (33a,b,f) to mice, no cefamandole was detected in either the blood or the urine. Throughout the course of the experiment, 75-100% of the oral dose could be recovered from the gastrointestinal tract. Similar esters of penicillin G (U. S. Patent 3,951,957) and cephalothin (Gt. Brit. Patent 1,335,317) have been reported to be orally absorbed, giving riseserum levels of penicillin G and cephalothin. 

---