Clinical centrifuge

Preparative centrifuge Clinical tabletop centrifuge (low speed) Spectrophotometer to read absorbance at 500 and 660 nm with cuvettes 100°C oven... 

Packed red cells are prepared from whole blood. These are collected ia blood coUectioa units having integrally attached transfer packs. The red cells are sedimented by centrifugation, and the plasma and huffy coat are expressed from the bag. Further processiag of the packed red cells may be needed for a number of clinical indications. To reduce the white blood cell (WBC) contamination in a red cell product, two separation techniques are used. 

After centrifugation, the specimens are placed in a holder specifically designed to work with a particular instmment. Some clinical analyzers utilize... 

Wang and coworkers143 described a rapid and sensitive LC/MS/MS method for the determination of a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor (an indolocarbazole derivative) in human plasma, following SLE on 96-well diatomaceous earth plates. The structures of this inhibitor and the IS used are shown in Figure 1.26. Clinical, QC, and standard plasma samples were thawed at room temperature, vortexed for 30 sec, centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 min 250 fiL aliquots were transferred to... 

The main advantages that should gradually promote potentiometry with ISEs to routine use in clinical laboratories are simplicity of instrumentation, the possibility of decreasing the sample volume (especially important in pediatry), and the possibility of avoiding tedious centrifugation necessary for preparation of plasma and serum (significant under intensive care conditions). On the other hand, work with ISEs requires experience and skill... 

Serum Preparation Whole blood was collected after decapitation of the animal and allowed to clot at room temperature for 30 min. The serum was then separated from the clot by centrifugation at 5000 rpm at U C. Aliquots of the serum were immediately taken and refrigerated for the determination of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase. An additional 0.5 ml of serum from each animal was treated with a few milligrams of sodium fluoride and refrigerated for later glucose determinations. The rest of the serum was frozen for the remainder of the clinical chemistry determinations. 

The reaction is assembled in 15 ml conical tubes, and then is incubated for 2-3 h at 37 °C. If no inorganic pyrophosphatase is added, the solution will turn cloudy over time as pyrophosphate is released. If pyrophosphatase is not used, then at the completion of the reaction, this precipitate must be pelleted in a tabletop clinical centrifuge for 10 min and the supernatant immediately removed. 

Paper electrophoresis has also made some entry into the clinical laboratory. Advances in instrumentation have provided for development of electropherograms in a continuous manner under the combined influence of electrical potential and gravitational force as well as under the influence of electrical potential and centrifugal force. These developments have not been included because as yet they are in the periphery of clinical chemistry. 

Most of the problems which the clinical chemist has in separating solids from liquids in routine analysis are relatively easily solved by use of non-automated methods of filtration or centrifugation. Except for certain reagents which require filtering or centrifuging in bulk, the main problems from the standpoint of automation are that multiple, relatively small samples must be filtered or centrifuged in a manner which prevents one sample from contaminating another. 

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