Central thermoregulation

Serotonin has an effect on the hypothalamic control of pituitary function (see chapter 5), in central thermoregulation (attributed to the 5-HTj receptor), and in pain perception (probably the S-HTj receptor), where increased serotonergic function potentiates opiate analgesia. The administration of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors like fluoxetine increases the anorectic effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine and induces a selective suppression of nonprotein caloric intake in rats. The involvement of serotonin in endogenous psychiatric depression has been mentioned. 

The endogenous opioids are another family of peptides involved in different physiological processes including pain regulation, respiratory control, stress responses, appetite, thermoregulation, and humoral and cellular immune function (Bodnar RJ., 2008). Opioids act through their receptors, which are also members of the GPCR family, and are expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as on cells of the immune system (Henriksen and Willoch 2008 Hauser... 

Hydroxy tryptamine, or serotonin, is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). The nerve-cell bodies of the major serotoninergic neurones are in the midline raphe nuclei of the rostral pons, and ascending fibers innervate the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, limbic forebrain, and areas of the cerebral cortex. The serotoninergic system plays an important role in the control of mood and behavior, motor activity, hunger, thermoregulation, sleep, certain hallucinatory states, and some neuro-endocrine mechanisms. 

Nonetheless, a sufficient dose will reduce or temporarily halt peristalsis (Brown and Taylor 1996). Some effects on esophageal peristalsis may be mediated by central mechanisms (Bieger 1984). Atropine reduces the tone and contractions of the ureter and bladder, and has antispasmodic effects on the gallbladder and bile duct. Negligible effects are produced on uterine contractions. Sweat glands are inhibited by atropine, and it can impair thermoregulation, especially in hot environments. Cardiac Effects... 

Irritants (peripheral sensory irritants), lacrimators, sternutators, emetics, sedatives, hypnotics, serotonin antagonists, hypotensives, thermoregulator disrup-tors, nauseants, vision disruptors, neuromuscular blockers, malodorous substances, centrally acting anesthetics, immobilizers, tranquillizers. 

The serotonergic neuronal system is one of the most extensive in the central nervous system. The cell bodies of this system are clustered in approximately 10 groups known as Raphe nuclei in the midbrain and lower brain stem. Nevertheless, the axons and terminals permeate every major brain region and the neurons functionally subserve a variety of physiologic functions, including food and water intake, sexual activity, sleep thermoregulation, regressiveness, and blood pressure control. 

More recently, the application scope of thermoregulated phase-separable transition metal complex with nonionic phosphine ligand has been expanded from hy-droformylation to hydrogenation, and the central metal varied from Rh to Ru. The first experimental study is the hydrogenation of styrene catalyzed by thermoregulated phase-separable Ru3(CO)12/PETPP complex catalyst. Under the conditions of Ph2 = 2.0 MPa, T=90°C, catalyst/substrate (mol/mol) = 1/1000, 3 hours, the Ru3(CO)12/PETPP complex catalyst exhibited good activity (Table 5). Compared with other catalysts, Ru3(CO)12/PETPP complex showed the same catalytic activity compared to the lipophilic Ru3(CO)9(TPP)3, while the hydrophilic Ru3(CO)9-(TPPTS)3 and Ru3(CO)9(TPPMS)3 are less active (Table 6). 

In conclusion, the effect of NPY on thermoregulation appears to be site-specific and dose-dependent. These studies present strong evidence for the involvement of multiple receptor subtypes in mediating the various central effects of NPY... 

An Elucidation of the Separate Effects Induced by Central and Peripheral Sensors in Human Thermoregulation... 

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