CNS depressants Central nervous system

Pyridine Acute Toxicology. Pyridine causes gastrointestinal upset and central nervous system (CNS) depression at high levels of exposure. The odor of pyridine can be detected at extremely low concentrations (12 ppb). The LD q (oral, rats) is 891 mg/kg, the LC q (inhalation, rats) is 4000/4 (ppm/h), and the TLV is 15 mg/nP (79,80). 

Ethanol is classified for medical purposes as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. Its effects—that is, being drunk—resemble the human response to anesthetics. There is an initial excitability and increase in sociable behavior, but this results from depression of inhibition rather than from stimulation. At a blood alcohol concentration of 0.1% to 0.3%, motor coordination is affected, accompanied by loss of balance, slurred speech, and amnesia. When blood alcohol concentration rises to 0.3% to 0.4%, nausea and loss of consciousness occur. Above 0.6%, spontaneous respiration and cardiovascular regulation are affected, ultimately leading to death. The LD50 of ethanol is 10.6 g/kg (Chapter 1 Focus On). 

There is an increased central nervous system (CNS) depressant effect when the skeletal muscle relaxants are administered with other CNS depressants, such as alcohol, antihistamines, opiates, and sedatives. There is an additive anticholinergic effect when cyclobenzaprine is administered with other drugs with anticholinergic effects (eg, antihistamines, antidepressants, atropine, haloperidol). See Chapter 30 for information on diazepam. 

All barbiturates have essentially die same mode of action. Depending on the dose given, tiiese drags are capable of producing central nervous system (CNS) depression and mood alteration ranging from mild excitation to mild sedation, hypnosis (sleep), and deep coma These drugs also are respiratory depressants the degree of depression... 

Other central nervous system (CNS) depressants and alcohol may cause additive depressant effects when administered with antitussives containing codeine. 

There is an increased risk for bone marrow suppression when levamisole or hydroxyurea are administered witii other antineoplastic dni. Use of levamisole witii phenytoin increases die risk of phenytoin toxicity. Pegaspargase may alter drug response of the anticoagulants. When procarbazine is administered with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, such as alcohol, antidepressants, antihistamines, opiates, or the sedatives, an additive CNS effect may be seen. Procarbazine may potentiate hypoglycemia when administered witii insulin or oral antidiabetic dru . ... 

The most common side effects associated with benzodiazepine therapy include central nervous system (CNS) depressive effects (e.g., drowsiness, sedation, psychomotor... 

In Chapter 9 we were introduced to another class of drugs - central nervous system (CNS) depressants. This class of drugs includes many that are used for their anxiety-reducing properties. Alcohol is the most widely used of our recreational depressants, and its use has immense health costs for society. Furthermore, alcohol, unlike most of the other recreational drugs we have encountered, is legal in most countries. It produces a clear pattern of intoxication, with equally clear dose-related deficits. Intoxication depends on a number of factors including personality and other... 

A 3-year-old boy consumed a liquid from a container in the family garage He shows central nervous system (CNS) depression, acidosis, suppressed respiration, and oxalate crystals in the urine. Besides supportive and corrective measures, ethanol was administered to the child. 

Toxicology. Chlorodibromomethane is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant at extremely high concentrations it is toxic to the liver and kidneys of rodents and induces hepatocellular tumors in mice after long-term exposure. 

Toxicology. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is primarily a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. Although it is carcinogenic at high doses in experimental animals, it is not considered to be a human carcinogen at low exposure levels. 

Toxicology. Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride is associated with an increased incidence of angiosarcoma of the liver and other malignant tumors, acroosteolysis, Raynaud syndrome, scleroderma, thromhocytopenia, circulatory dismrbances, and impaired liver function. Very high concentrations cause central nervous system (CNS) depression. 

Toxicology. Vinylidene chloride (VDC) causes central nervous system (CNS) depression at high levels, and repeated exposure to lower concentrations results in liver and kidney damage in experimental animals. 

Central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity. Ethanol (95%) extract of the seed, administered orally to mice and rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg, was inactive° . 

Contraindications Severe central nervous system (CNS) depression, comatose states, hypersensivitiy to loxapine or any component of the formulation... 

MecfMtiism of Action A BZ-1 receptor selective benzodiazepine with sedative properties. Therapeutic Effect Produces sedative effect from its central nervous system (CNS) depressant action. 

The major signs of toxicity are ataxia, analgesia, mydriasis (less prominent in monkeys at lower doses), and profound central nervous system (CNS) depression lasting from several hours to several days, depending on dose. At higher doses, the CNS depression may be preceded by CNS stimulation and convulsions. Marked hypothermia at an intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg, hypotension, and respiratory depression are other significant effects of this compound. DMHP produces a... 

Both zolpidem and zaleplon appear to be nonfatal in overdose. However, overdoses in combination with other central nervous system (CNS) depressant agents pose a greater risk. Recommended treatment consists of general symptomatic and supportive measures, including gastric lavage. Use of flumazenil may be helpful. 

Chlorpromazine Blockade of D2 receptors >> 5 2 receptors .-Receptor blockade (fluphenazine least) muscarinic (M)-receptor blockade (especially chlorpromazine and thioridazine) Hx-receptor blockade (chlorpromazine, thiothixene) t central nervous system (CNS) depression (sedation) t decreased seizure threshold t QT prolongation (thioridazine) Psychiatric schizophrenia (alleviate positive symptoms), bipolar disorder (manic phase) nonpsychiatric antiemesis, preoperative sedation (promethazine) pruritus Oral and parenteral forms, long half-lives with metabolism-dependent elimination Toxicity Extensions of effects on a - and M- receptors blockade of dopamine receptors may result in akathisia, dystonia, parkinsonian symptoms, tardivedyskinesia, and hyperprolactinemia... 

Prescription medications such as pain relievers, central nervous system (CNS) depressants (tranquilizers and sedatives), and stimulants are highly beneficial treatments for a variety of health conditions. Pain relievers enable individuals with chronic pain to lead productive lives tranquilizers can reduce anxiety and help patients with sleep disorders and stimulants help people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) focus their attention. Most people who take prescription medications use them responsibly. But when abused—that is, taken by someone other than the patient for whom the medication was prescribed or taken in a manner or dosage other than what was prescribed—prescription medications can produce serious adverse health effects, including addiction. 

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