Cellulose, glucose produced from

In recent years, many different theories about cellulose biosynthesis can be observed and it has been found that cellulose is produced from a wide range of substrates, e.g. glucose, fructose, mono and disaccharides, starch hydrolysates, molasses, and others. The capacity for biosynthesis as well as the properties of biopolymers produced is strongly dependent on strain productivity, medium composition, and culture conditions. The biosynthesis of modified cellulose is carried out using culture media composed of... 

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of cellulose-producing bacterial cells shows the presence of pores in the outer membrane of these cells. It is believed that bacterial cellulose is produced from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose (its immediate... 

Succinic acid is commonly produced in microbes because it exists as a part of the TCA cycle, one of the ordinary metabolic pathways for production of energy. Several groups in the world are developing this production system to produce cheaper succinic acid from renewable resources like starch, glucose, cellulose and so on. If succinic acid could be produced from cheap carbon sources and the price were competitive with the petroleum-base product, many C4 chemicals could be expected as derivatives. 1,4-Butanediol is the typical one, which has a huge market. 

The bacterial cellulose synthase from Acetobacter xylinum can be solubilized with detergents, and the resulting enzyme generates characteristic 1.7 ran cellulose fibrils (Fig. 20-4) from UDP-glucose.125/127-129 These are similar, but not identical, to the fibrils of cellulose I produced by intact bacteria.125 130 Each native fibril appears as a left-handed helix which may contain about nine parallel chains in a crystalline array. Three of these helices appear to coil together (Fig. 20-4) to form a larger 3.7-nm left-handed helical fibril. Similar fibrils are formed by plants. In both... 

Cellulose occurs everywhere in the vegetable kingdom it is wood fiber and cell wall, the structural material of all plants. Cotton fiber is practically pure cellulose, but cellulose of equal purity, satisfactory in all respects for the manufacture of explosives and smokeless powder, may be produced from wood. Cellulose and starch both yield glucose on hydrolysis, and the molecules of both these substances are made up of anhydroglucose units linked together. 

Figure 7. Production of glucose and cellobiose from Avicel. The reaction mixture contained 1% Avicel PH-101, 1% Trichoderma reesei QM 9123 cellulose protein produced in a pH 3.6 culture medium, and 0.05M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. Incubation conditions and analysis are...

Zheng and Tsao (1996) Batch Hydrolysis of cellulosic material to produce glucose Enzyme from cellulase... 

Cellulose is a carbohydrate that supports or protects plants. Like starch, it is made of repeating units of glucose. The bonds between the glucose molecules in cellulose are different from the bonds in starch. This matters a great deal, because enzymes in the human body can break the bonds in starch to produce glucose, but they cannot break the cellulose bonds and make glucose from it. This is why cereal or corn (starch) can be eaten, but not wood (cellulose). 

The LAL reaction is specific for endotoxin with the exception of a glucose polymer from cellulose, yeast, and certain other microbial sources, known as (1 —> 3)-p-D-glucanJ This glucan activates LAL the same as endotoxin and produces a synergistic enhancement of the PPC in kinetic LAL studies. The BET allows glucan-containing products to be tested by LAL reagents that are treated to make them specific for endotoxin and avoid a false-positive result. 

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