Cellulose fibers papermaking process

Air and Oil Filters. Liquid resole resins are used to coat and penetrate the cellulose fibers of filters and separators in order to increase strength and stiffness and protect against attack by the environment. The type of phenoHc to be used depends on both the final property requirements and the papermaking process. 

In the early papermaking process, a wet mass of short cellulose fiber was pounded and worked until, on stirring into water, the fibers gave a... 

The potential permanence is built into paper at the time of manufacture it is determined by the materials used and the processes of manufacture. Three important factors are recognized (1) deterioration of the cellulose fibers prior to manufacture into paper and the presence of noncellulose components (2) the introduction of additives (sizing, loading, etc.) to the papermaking stock and (3) the presence of deleterious impurities originating from the fiber furnish, additives, process water, and mill equipment. 

The entity holding the fibers together, the middle lamella, is almost pure lignin (90%), as mentioned earlier. For the cellulose fibers to be separated, the middle lamella lignin must be chemically removed, a process that also removes most of the hemicelluloses, or must be mechanically degraded to free the fibers for papermaking. A paper sheet then... 

Neste patented an industrial route to a cellulose carbamate pulp (90) which was stable enough to be shipped into rayon plants for dissolution as if it were xanthate. The carbamate solution could be spun into sulfuric acid or sodium carbonate solutions, to give fibers which when completely regenerated had similar properties to viscose rayon. When incompletely regenerated they were sufficientiy self-bonding for use in papermaking. The process was said to be cheaper than the viscose route and to have a lower environmental impact (91). It has not been commercialized, so no confirmation of its potential is yet available. 

Fiber, straw A fibrous, cellulosic component of certain plants (wheat, rice, etc.). Its fibers are 1 to 1.5 mm long, similar to those of hardwoods. Straw can be used as filler in plastics. Its main use is preparing a pulp by the alkaline process to yield specialty papers of high quality. Use of straw for conventional papermaking in USA is of limited importance due to the abundance of pulpwood. 

Paper can be thick, soft, and bulky like paper towels and bathroom tissue, or it can be hard and glassy, like glassine, a type of translucent paper that has a texture similar to a very thin glass sheet. Paper can be as clear as glass. Cellophane and rayon, for example, are forms of cellulose that have been recovered using the viscose process. Papermaking methods can be used to make papers from other fiber-like materials, including carbon nanotubes. 

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