Cell surface modifications

Cell Surface Modifications with Amphiphilic Polymers. 187... 

The ssDNA-PEG-lipid provides versatility in cell surface modifications. It enables the immobilization of a broad spectrum of proteins and low molecular... 

Teramura Y, Iwata H (2010) Cell surface modification with polymers for biomedical studies. Soft Matter 6 1081-1091... 

Murad K L, Gosselin E J, Eaton J W, et al. (1999). Stealth cells Prevention of MHC class II mediated T cell activation by cell surface modification. Blood. 94 2135-2141. 

Although chemical ligations on mammalian cell surfaces have been performed using unnatural functional groups delivered to carbohydrates [37], the number of studies of mammalian cell surface modifications with synthetic polymers remains limited [31]. In order to control biointerfacial aspects with environmental stimuli, thermoresponsive polymers were immobilized on mammalian cell surfaces. 

In the later part of the article, the effect of cell surface modification is considered. Namely, polyethylene glycol molecules are anchored to the membrane surface to provide a steric barrier to fusion. The purpose is to provide a means to reduce unwanted fusion (i.e. stealthiness). Giant liposomes provide an excellent model with which to test this theory, because their external, internal and membrane conductivities and dielectric constants can be controlled precisely, and their surfaces can be easily modified. 

Plausible hypotheses to explain cadmium interference with neural tube closure may be developed on the basis of the importance of cell surface modifications and/or microfllaments and microtubules in the neurulation process, although observations bearing directly on these possibilities have yet to be reported. Virtual restriction of cadmium interference with neural tube closure to the cephalic region, however, would require additional assumptions. This suggests the likelihood that cadmium is affecting some aspect of the closure process that is either peculiar to, or of overriding importance for, closure of the cephalic neural tube. 

One of the main uses of these wet cells is to investigate surface electrochemistry [94, 95]. In these experiments, a single-crystal surface is prepared by UFIV teclmiqiies and then transferred into an electrochemical cell. An electrochemical reaction is then run and characterized using cyclic voltaimnetry, with the sample itself being one of the electrodes. In order to be sure that the electrochemical measurements all involved the same crystal face, for some experiments a single-crystal cube was actually oriented and polished on all six sides Following surface modification by electrochemistry, the sample is returned to UFIV for... 

Radiation-induced grafting and curing processes have been discussed in a number of reviews.203 28 291 The process is widely used for surface modification. Recent applications are the modification of fuel cell membranes and improving... 

In this chapter we describe the basic principles involved in the controlled production and modification of two-dimensional protein crystals. These are synthesized in nature as the outermost cell surface layer (S-layer) of prokaryotic organisms and have been successfully applied as basic building blocks in a biomolecular construction kit. Most importantly, the constituent subunits of the S-layer lattices have the capability to recrystallize into iso-porous closed monolayers in suspension, at liquid-surface interfaces, on lipid films, on liposomes, and on solid supports (e.g., silicon wafers, metals, and polymers). The self-assembled monomolecular lattices have been utilized for the immobilization of functional biomolecules in an ordered fashion and for their controlled confinement in defined areas of nanometer dimension. Thus, S-layers fulfill key requirements for the development of new supramolecular materials and enable the design of a broad spectrum of nanoscale devices, as required in molecular nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology, and biomimetics [1-3]. 

Sol-gel technique has also been applied to modify the anode/electrolyte interface for SOFC running on hydrocarbon fuel [16]. ANiA SZ cermet anode was modified by coating with SDC sol within the pores of the anode. The surface modification of Ni/YSZ anode resulted in an increase of structural stability and enlargement of the TPB area, which can serve as a catalytic reaction site for oxidation of carbon or carbon monoxide. Consequently, the SDC coating on the pores of anode leads to higher stability of the cell in long-term operation due to the reduction of carbon deposition and nickel sintering. 

Virus restriction and modification by the host We have already seen that one form of host resistance to virus arises when there is no receptor site on the cell surface to which the virus can attach. Another and more specific kind of host resistance involves destruction of the viral nucleic acid after it has been injected. This destruction is brought about by host enzymes that cleave the viral DNA at one or several places, thus preventing its replication. This phenomenon is called restriction, and is part of a general host mechanism to prevent the invasion of foreign nucleic acid. 

Natural graphite, carbons, surface modification, coating, lithium-ion cells, high power, hybrid electric vehicles (HEY). 

Kommireddy, D., Sriram, S., Lvov, Y. and Mill, D. (2006) Layer-by-layer assembled nanopartide thin films — a new surface modification approach for stem cell attachment. Biomaterials, 27, 4296—4303. 

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