Room-temperature cell experiments

At Nanba laboratory, Professor Nanba was the predecessor of Professor Yoshida. A DSC apparatus was purchased with a Government subsidy for aiding scientific research in the early 1970 s. To determine the thermal decomposition characteristics of unstable substances, the literature was surveyed 1 in collaboration with S.Takeyama (Kinki University), then a student in the master s course of The University of Tokyo. As a result, DSC was found to be of very wide application. Moreover, a preliminary experiment showed that sealed cells were necessary for studying the decomposition reaction of self—reactive substances. For most self—reactive substances, evaporation or sublimation may occur before exothermic decomposition during DSC measurement made in an open cell at room temperature. This makes it impossible to measure an accurate heat of decomposition. 

Okano and coworkers have patterned poly(N-isopropylacryl-amide) (PNIPAAm), a material similar to BSA and PEG in that it does not adhere to cells at room temperature. In this experiment, a composite solution of PNIPAAm dissolved in propanol (55 wt%) was uniformly coated inside a commercial cell culture dish. The polymer was then patterned, using standard e-beam lithography, onto the surface of a cell culture dish to test the dynamic behavior of cells for potential clinical applications. A metal mask (60 mm o.d. 

Early theoretical work on FAD was concerned with the dimer equilibrium geometry and the electronic structure (see for example Refs. [32-36]). Ah initio molecular orbital studies on the structure of formic acid dimer in 1984 agreed very well with the experimental structures as determined by electron diffraction [37]. Due to the importance of the double proton transfer of FAD as a key prototype for multiple proton transfer reactions several theoretical studies have been reviewed in the literature [38]. Rotational constants for formic acid dimer were obtained by high resolution spectroscopy of (DCOOH)2 [39] and by femtosecond degenerate four wave mixing experiments in the gas cell at room temperature and under supersonic jet experiments by Matylisky et al. [40]. 

A 5 mL voltammetric cell at room temperature (25°C) is used for the electrochemical experiments, using a three electrode configuration ... 

Figure 7 shows a cw two-photon spectrum of hydrogen 1S-2S, as recorded in the first cw experiments. The hydrogen atoms are simply observed in a gas cell at room temperature and the signal is monitored by counting collision-induced Lyman-a photons. The resolution of 5 parts in 10 is limited by the... 

SAM adsorption was also followed in situ by optical waveguide hghtmode spectroscopy (OWLS) by means of a grating coupler system (GKR 401, Fraunhofer-Institut fiir Physikalische Mess-technik, Freiburg, Germany). Prior to starting adsorption experiments, the basehne was stabilized with the pure solvent. For kinetic measurements, a solution of ODP was pumped at 1 mli/s through the fluid cell at room temperature and the adsorption of ODP was followed in real time. 

As membrane material for their direct ammonia-oxygen fuel cells, Lan and Tao used a blend of the anion-exchange resin Amberlite IRA 400 (hydroxide form) and poly(vinyl alcohol). As cathode material, Mn02 deposited on carbon materials was used. In different cell versions the anodes were prepared from Pt-Ru-C and from chrom-decorated nanosized nickel (size about 6 nm). Experiments with such cells at room temperature showed maximal power densities in the range 12 to 16 mW/cm. In some cases the power densities for ammonia-fed cells were higher than those for hydrogen-fed cells. The authors note that the development of direct ammonia fuel cells with alkaline membranes and inexpensive catalysts is still at an early stage. 

Aside from the autoclave studies, the other (more contrived) experiments were conducted in electrochemical cells at room temperature. In such ca.ses it is important to eliminate ambiguous surface reactions by keeping the electrode surfaces as reproducibly flat as possible. After exposure to boiler or ambient aqueous conditions, the samples were analyzed by a range of surface analytical techniques. Some of these were more effective than others in elucidating distinctive changes under particular treatment conditions. 

Early experiments witli MOT-trapped atoms were carried out by initially slowing an atomic beam to load tire trap [20, 21]. Later, a continuous uncooled source was used for tliat purjDose, suggesting tliat tire trap could be loaded witli tire slow atoms of a room-temperature vapour [22]. The next advance in tire development of magneto-optical trapping was tire introduction of tire vapour-cell magneto-optical trap (VCMOT). This variation captures cold atoms directly from the low-velocity edge of tire Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution always present in a cell... 

Our own laboratory obtained different results. Not only were we unable to see a clear cut correlation between the incidence of ICOR channels in cell attached patches and the degree of hormonal stimulation [57], we were also unable to reproduce the activation studies in excised patches. In our hands, the activation of ICOR channels occurred simply by the excision, and this was equally true for the normal as for the CF cells [57]. We did note, however, that the other laboratories worked at room temperature whereas we always work at 37°C. Welsh s laboratory has shown meanwhile that excision activation of ICOR Cl -channels is a temperature-dependent process [113]. At low temperature, excision activation is largely delayed [113] but it is immediate in our experiments at 37°C [57]. We concluded that the activation of the ICOR channels has probably little to do with phosphorylation but is rather due to the fact that the excised patch faces a new environment on the cytosolic side [57,72],... 

The infrared absorbance spectra were recorded at room temperature on a Fourier transform spectrophotometer (Biucker I.F.S. 110) with a resolution of 4 cm To compare the integrated adsorbances of the various samples the weight of the pellet and the Pd content were considered. The samples were placed in a heatable cell where the catalysts were treated "in situ". Different kinds of experiments were carried out ... 

For the chemisorption experiments a weighed catalyst sample (wet) was put in a cell and mounted on the Micromeritics 2010 (static) chemisorption instmment. The sample was heated under vacuum to 150°C where it was exposed to hydrogen (0.7 atm) for 0.5 hour. The sample was then evacuated at room temperature, reexposed to hydrogen for 0.5 hour, then evacuated, and cooled to 30°C under vacuum. 

Employing a specially constructed electrical circuit to avoid use of a salt bridge and its associated IR drop, and a two compartment cell, Weise and Weil [80] also confirmed that, in the absence of H2CO, the deposition rate of Cu was significantly lower than would be obtained in a full electroless solution. They employed solutions somewhat similar to Feldman and Melroy [79], but carried out their experiments at room temperature. 

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