Cell cycle protein modulation

Modulation of Neuronal Cell Cycle Proteins by Chemokine Receptors and Its Role in the Survival of Postmitotic Neurons... 

Modulation of Neuronal Cell Cycle Proteins by Chemokine Receptors... 

Because the effective mounting of immune rcspotise.s requires cell proliferation and production of. signaling agents involving DNA and protein synthesis, chemical factors that interfere with cell cycling will modulate the immune responses. This interference may occur at several steps in the immune functions. A schematic presentation of various locations where chemicals can interfere with the immune system is depicted in Fig. 1. Thi.s is a simplistic. scheme and may not cover every aspect of cither the immune system or other factors that regulate the system. 

X- and y-rays Cell cycle effects, modulation of proliferation kinetics Increased activity of repair enzymes Enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Selection of apoptosis-resistant cells Elevated intracellular levels of glutathione and associated nucleophilic thiols Hall and Giaccia (2006)... 

Uppala et al. [10] Breast cancer Inhibition of cell proliferation Lycopene was shown to modulate cell cycle proteins such as beta tubulin, CK8/18, CK19, and heat shock proteins in MCF-7 breast cancer cells... 

The ankyrin repeat motif is one of the most common protein-protein interaction domains. Ankyrin repeats are modules of about 33 amino acids repeated in tandem. They are found in a large number of proteins with diverse cellular functions such as transcriptional regulators, signal transducers, cell-cycle regulators, and cytoskeletal proteins. 

TGF-Ps are pleiotrophic cytokines. They are capable of inhibiting the cell cycle and, hence, cell growth of several cell types, most notably epithelial and haematopoietic cells. These factors, however, stimulate the growth of other cell types, most notably cells that give rise to connective tissue, cartilage and bone. They induce the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins and modulate the expression of matrix proteases. They also serve as a powerful chemoattractant for monocytes... 

Regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) is not only important in normal cell development and homeostasis [1, 2], but also during the process of carcinogenesis [3], Apoptosis is suppressed in most cancer cells and induction of apoptosis is one cancer treatment strategy [4], There are many processes and factors that can be modulated to induce cancer cell apoptosis, such as regulation of factors involved in cell cycle arrest [5], protein kinase modulation [6], caspase family activation [7], and the balance in expression between Bcl-2 family members [8],... 

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