Cefadroxil-cephalexin

McAteer, J.A. Hiltke, M.F. SOber, B.M. Faulkner, R.D. Liquid-chromatographic determination of five orally active cephalosporins-cefixime, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cephalexin, and cephradine-in human serum. Clin.Chem., 1987, 33, 1788—1790... 

Cephalexin, cephradine, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefzil, cefpodoxime... 

First-generation cephalosporins—IV cefazolin po cephalexin, cephradine, or cefadroxil. cSome penicillin-allergic patients may react to cephalosporins. 

Didoxacillin 25-50 mg/kg in four divided doses Cephalexin 25-50 mg/kg in two to four divided doses Cefadroxil 30 mg/kg in two divided doses Clindamycin 10-30 mg/kg/day in three to four divided doses0 Mupirocin ointment every 8 hours0... 

Penicillins Ampicillin Amoxicillin-davulanic add Cephalosporins Cephalexin Cefaclor Cefadroxil Cefuroxime Cefixime Cefzil... 

First generation Examples are cephalothin, cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil, cephradine, cephaloglycine which are like penicillins but in general, resistant to majority of the plasmid encoded class A fylactamases but not to chromosomal encoded class C broader spectrum fylactamases. 

First-generation cephalosporins (cefalotin, cefaloridin, cephalexin, cephapirin, cefa-zolin, cefadroxil, cephradine, and others) possess high biological activity with respect to staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, and many types of enterobacteria. 

Cefadroxil Cefadroxil, [6/ -[6a,7)3(7 )]]-3-methyl-8-oxo-7-[[amino(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetyl]amino]-5-thia-l-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-2-carboxylic acid (32.1.2.14), is an analog of cephalexin and differs only in the presence of a hydroxyl group in the fourth position of the phenyl ring of phenylglycine, and is synthesized by a scheme analogous to the scheme of cephradin synthesis [90-96],... 

Cephalexin, cefaclor, cefprozil, cefadroxil, ceftibuten, and loracarbef are well absorbed from the Gl tract. Cephalosporins are widely distributed to most tissues and fluids. First and second generation agents do not readily enter cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), except cefuroxime, even when meninges are inflamed. Third generation compounds readily diffuse into the CSF of patients with inflamed meninges. However, CSF levels of cefoperazone are relatively low. Most cephalosporins and metabolites are primarily excreted renally. 

CEPHALOSPORINS, FIRST GENERATION Cefadroxil (Duricef, Cephalexin (Keflex,... 

Our studies on BLM system for separation of 7-ACA [23], cephalexin [24], CPC [26] using AHquat-336 as an anion exchange carrier revealed that pH gradient between the feed and stripping aqueous phases controlled the transport rate and separation efficiency. In some cases, uphill transport occurred with more than 90% recovery of cephalosporin molecules. BLM permeation study was also conducted for cephalothin, cefadroxil, cefazoHn, cefotaxim, cefaloridin, and 7-ACA for evaluation of initial flux. The initial permeation fluxes for various cephalosporins were well correlated with hydrophobicity [41] and the extraction equiHbrium constants. This seems to be in agreement with the idea that... 

Cephalosporins, 1st generation cefadroxil cefazolin sodium cephalexin... 

First-generation cephalosporins cefazolin for parenteral administration cefadroxil or cephalexin for oral administration. Second-generation cephalosporins cefuroxime for parenteral administration cefaclor, cefuroxime axetil, cefprozil, for oral administration. Third-generation cephalosporins ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone for parenteral administration cefixime, cefpodoxime, ceftibuten, cefdinir, cefditoren for oral administration. Fourth-generation cephalosporin cefepime for parenteral administration. Cephamycins cefoxitin and cefotetan for parenteral administration. 

Both the dose normalized AUC of the plasma concentration for two hours after administration and the maximum plasma concentration exhibited nonlinearity, when cefadroxil, a (1-lactam antibiotic, was administered at different oral doses from 5 to 30 mg/kg orally (357). Coadministration of cephalexin (15 mg/kg) reduced both the AUC and C max of cephadroxil (357). Since cefadroxil and cephalexin are substrates of PEPT1 (358), this interaction may be accounted for by an interaction at the binding site of PEPT1(357). 

Bristol-Myers built on Eli Lilly s discovery of Cephalexin by funding the research that led to the development of Cefadroxil (VIII), just as Beecham had done in building on its own discovery of ampicillin with the invention of amoxicillin. Both amoxicillin and cefadroxil carried the i>(-)/>hydroxyphenylglycyl side chain which served to extend biological activity and increase blood levels versus ampicillin and Cephalexin. 

Penicillin G as well as approx. 4 kt a-1 of penicillin V are enzymatically hydrolyzed into the -lactam nucleus 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), which is the building block for the semisynthetic penicillin antibiotics ampicillin and amoxycillin [121] (see Fig. 8.23). Part of the penicillin G is converted into 7-aminodesa-cetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA, 3 kt a-1), which is the intermediate for the semisynthetic cephalosporins cephalexin and cefadroxil [122]. 7-ADCA has traditionally been produced from penicillin G via a chemical ring expansion but an all-bio process has recently been started up by DSM. 

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