Cattle lead poisoning

Oskarsson A, Jorhem L, Sundberg J, et al. 1992. Lead poisoning in cattle-transfer of lead to milk. Sci Total Environ 111 83-94. 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Sheep Scrapie, pregnancy toxemia, hypocalcemia, tetanus, listeriosis, tick pyemia, hypocuprosis, rabies, hydatid disease, and various plant poisons. Cattle Malignant catarrhal fever, listeriosis, pseudorabies, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, rabies, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, acute lead poisoning, and certain plant poisons. 

Zmudzki, J., G.R. Bratton, C. Womac, and L. Rowe. 1983. Lead poisoning in cattle reassessment of the minimum toxic oral dose. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 30 435-441. 

Lead poisoning commonly causes blindness in cattle and horses, and sonf)etimes in do The mechanism of action b not dear, but lead interfdes with CNS... 

Lead shot ban in area MAMMALS Cattle, Bos spp. Poisoned (mg/kg FW) >10 50 ... 

Intravitreal injection of 0.2 ml of 10 M solution into vitreous humor of rabbits has caused inflammation, chorioretinitis, and degeneration of retina. Urea mixed with soy meal is particularly dangerous, as urease in the latter leads to formation of ammonia. Poisoning of cattle may also be caused by urea as fertilizer and spread unevenly on pasture lambs given 2gkg of urea died in 90-200 min. Adult sheep given same dose exhibited almost continuous convulsions after 165 min. 

Anthrax is an acutely infectious and deadly disease. In nature it generally occurs in cattle or sheep, but it can be equally deadly to man. If contaminated meat is accidentally handled it can produce coal-black malignant skin ulcers which lead to blood poisoning. Inhaled it is even more deadly. The tiniest of doses can produce, in a matter of hours, a" choking cough, difficulty in breathing, and a high fever in nine cases out of ten, death will follow soon after. It was this latter form of the disease which most interested Porton. 

Aconite is sometimes added to liquors in India to increase their intoxicating effect, and this has been known to lead to fatal poisoning. Numerous species of Aconitum occur in various parts of the world, varying considerably in their toxicity and alkaloidal content. Poisoning in livestock is not common, though horses have been known to crop the plant (238, 239) and cattle have been poisoned by plants thrown out of the garden in autumn (24). 

Helenium microcephalum is a herbal plant distributed in the South of the USA, and in North Mexico, where it is responsible for poisoning of cattle, sheep and goats. The toxic substance is helenalin (29, 30). 2.5 g of fresh plant material per kg body weight lead to the death of the animals. The symptoms occur early, after one hour already and include salivation, colic, diarrhea, vomiting and progressive faintness, and finally death, usually within 24 hours. Post mortem findings include changes in liver, heart, brain, kidney, and mucosa (31). 

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