Cathodes zirconate formation

Earlier work by Hulbert, Morrison and Klawitter (1972) confirmed that calcium zirconate ceramics implanted intramuscularly in rabbits promoted the formation of a 100-200 pm thick pseudo membrane that within 6-9 months gradually den-sified without the presence of inflammatory cells thus suggesting a high degree of biotolerance. Recent work by Liu et al. (2006) showed that nanostructured Zr02 films formed by cathodic arc deposition on silicon surfaces promote the formation of apatite when incubated in SBF. On the apatite, growth and proliferation of... 

In order to realize the sol-gel method as a competitive technique in manufacturing of electrolyte layers for SOFC applications, further optimizations of fabrication procedures are required in the future work. For example, surface treatment of the substrates and proper thermal treatment of all layers are proposed to avoid delamination of the cathode. Deposition of a Ceo 8Gdo.20i 90 barrier layer will protect the electrolyte from the diffusion of Strontium and efficiently avoid formation of isolating zirconate layers. 

In the formation of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanorods, lead acetate, titanium isopropoxide, zirconium w-propoxide, glacial acetic acid, lactic acid, ethylene glycol, and glycerol were used for the PZT sols. The template membranes used for the growth of nanorods were track-etched hydrophilic polycarbonate (PC) with pore diameters of 100 and 200 mn and a thickness of 10 /xm. The PC membrane attached to Al cathode is placed... 

Fig. 1 Examples of mechanical failures and microstructural alterations observed in SOFC stacks, a Delamination of cathode current collection layer [21], reproduced here with kind permission from ASME 2008. b cracking of the sealant [10], reproduced here with kind permission from Elsevier 2006, and loss of gas-tighntess [72], reproduced here with kind permission from John Wiley and Sons 2009. c MIC coating delamination [18], reproduced here with kind permission from Elsevier 2008. d anode support reoxidation cycling [25], reproduced here with kind permission from Elsevier 2009 e formation of zirconates in LSM-YSZ cathode [68], reproduced here with kind permission from Elsevier 2009. f chromium deposit in LSM-YSZ cathode [78], reproduced here with kind permission from The Electrochemical Society 2007...

---