Catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons

The fifth chapter discusses the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons from the point of view of the individual types of chemical reactions involved in the process and the nature of the catalysts employed. Some consideration is also given to technological aspects of catalytic reforming (103 references). 

JH Sinfelt (1981) Catalytic Reforming of Hydrocarbons In Anderson JR, Boudart, M (eds) Catalysis science and technology, Vol. 1, Ch. 5. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p 257... 

Sinfelt, J.H. "Catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons." In Anderson, John R. and Boudart, Michel, eds. Catalysis-Science and Technology. Vol. 1. Berlin, Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 1981 p. 257-300. 

Catalytic cracking of heavy petroleum distillates Catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons to improve octane... 

Contents H. Heinemann YUsioxy of Industrial Catalysis. - J. C. R. Turner An Introduction to the Theory of Catalytic Reactors. - A. Ozaki, K.Aika Catalytic Activation of Dinitrogen. Af. E. Dry The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. - J.H.Sinfelt Catalytic Reforming of Hydrocarbons. 

It can also be prepd by the catalytic reforming of other low-boiling hydrocarbons (ethane to butane) (Ref 3)... 

Ahmed, S. et al., Catalytic partial oxidation reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, Proc. of 1998 Fuel Cell Seminar, Palm Springs, CA, 242,1998. 

Cortright, R. D. Davda, R. R. Dumesic, J. A., Hydrogen from catalytic reforming of biomass-derived hydrocarbons in liquid water. Nature 2002,418,964. 

In a model for catalytic reforming of gasoline, cited in problem P2.03.26, some 300 chemical species are identified, broken up in one case into 13 lumps characterized by carbon number and hydrocarbon class. The kinetic characteristics of such lumps are proprietary information. 

Prior to solving the structure for SSZ-31, the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons provided information about the pore structure such as the constraint index that was determined to be between 0.9 and 1.0 (45, 46). Additionally, the conversion of m-xylene over SSZ-31 resulted in a para/ortho selectivity of <1 consistent with a ID channel-type zeolite (47). The acidic NCL-1 has also been found to catalyze the Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate (48). The nature of the acid sites has recently been evaluated using pyridine and ammonia adsorption (49). Both Br0nsted and Lewis acid sites are observed where Fourier transform-infrared (FT IR) spectra show the hydroxyl groups associated with the Brpnsted acid sites are at 3628 and 3598 cm-1. The SSZ-31 structure has also been modified with platinum metal and found to be a good reforming catalyst. 

Catalytic reforming rearranging hydrocarbon molecules in a gasoline-boiling-range feedstock to produce other hydrocarbons having a higher antiknock quality isomerization of paraffins, cyclization of paraffins to naphthenes (g.v.), dehy-drocyclization of paraffins to aromatics (g.v.). 

Private communication with Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Reading, England, February 2000. 17. "Catalytic Partial Oxidation Reforming of Hydrocarbon Fuels," S. Ahmed, et al., ANL, Pg. 242, Fuel Cell Seminar Abstracts, Courtesy Associates, Inc., November 1998. 

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) consists of two electrodes anode and cathode, with a ceramic electrolyte between that transfers oxygen ions. A SOFC typically operates at a temperature between 700 and 1000 °C. at which temperature the ceramic electrolyte begins to exhibit sufficient ionic conductivity. This high operating temperature also accelerates electrochemical reactions therefore, a SOFC does not require precious metal catalysts to promote the reactions. More abundant materials such as nickel have sufficient catalytic activity to be used as SOFC electrodes. In addition, the SOFC is more fuel-flexible than other types of fuel cells, and reforming of hydrocarbon fuels can be performed inside the cell. This allows use of conventional hydrocarbon fuels in a SOFC without an external reformer. 

Catalytic Reforming of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels for Fuel Cell Applications... 

Most of the industrial metallic catalysts are metals on carrier. The main purpose of using a carrier is, of course, to achieve high dispersion of the metal component and to stabilize this form of metal against a spontaneous sintering. However, in important reactions (like reforming of hydrocarbons) a metal support is not inert and the overall reaction is actually an interplay of the two functions that of the metal and that of the catalytically active carrier. Moreover, some other effects may also play a role ... 

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