Catalytic bond formation Suzuki coupling

Cross-coupling reactions 5-alkenylboron boron compounds, 9, 208 with alkenylpalladium(II) complexes, 8, 280 5-alkylboron boron, 9, 206 in alkyne C-H activations, 10, 157 5-alkynylboron compounds, 9, 212 5-allylboron compounds, 9, 212 allystannanes, 3, 840 for aryl and alkenyl ethers via copper catalysts, 10, 650 via palladium catalysts, 10, 654 5-arylboron boron compounds, 9, 208 with bis(alkoxide)titanium alkyne complexes, 4, 276 carbonyls and imines, 11, 66 in catalytic C-F activation, 1, 737, 1, 748 for C-C bond formation Cadiot-Chodkiewicz reaction, 11, 19 Hiyama reaction, 11, 23 Kumada-Tamao-Corriu reaction, 11, 20 via Migita-Kosugi-Stille reaction, 11, 12 Negishi coupling, 11, 27 overview, 11, 1-37 via Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, 11, 2 terminal alkyne reactions, 11, 15 for C-H activation, 10, 116-117 for C-N bonds via amination, 10, 706 diborons, 9, 167... 

It has been proven that the chiral Pd(II) complexes as transition metal catalysts vs Lewis acid catalysts bring a breakthrough in the frontier of catalytic asymmetric organic synthesis. Here we discussed the key issues based on asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formations anomalous six-membered ring formation, ene-type cyclization leading to five-membered rings, spiro cycliza-tion, alkaloid and quinoline synthesis, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, and C-H bond activation/C-C bond formation by transition metallic Pd(II) catalysts. On the other hand, the carbonyl-ene reaction, hetero Diels-Alder reaction, and... 

In the field of catalysis, Au NPs appear to be particularly important as an efficient catalyst in organic reactions it can offer the most favourable combination of activity and selectivity in various catalytic reactions such as electrocatalysis, redox catalysis, carbon-carbon bond formation, and photocatalytic reactions. Moreover, recent literature reported that the Au NPs-graphene composites exhibit unprecedented catalytic activity for CO oxidation, reduction of nitro-aniline and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of chlorobenzene with arylboronic acid. 

A second common class of catalytic reaction is coupling (eq. 24), where A-B is the desired product and the nature of X and Y can be chosen to give the reaction the necessary exothermicity to go forward and facilitate the interaction of the reagents with the catalyst. In this class, we have Stille and Suzuki coupling, as well as more recent versions involving carbon-heteroatom bond formation... 

There has been considerable interest in hydrogenation and Pd-mediated C—C bond formation reactions in supercritical CO2 (scC02) [40]. Lee et al. [36] applied polyurea as a suitable encapsulation matrix to ligate and retain metal species such as Pd(OAc)2. The microcapsules were prepared by an in situ interfadal polymerization approach. A standard HPLC capillary was packed with immobilized catalyst. The combination of microencapsulated Pd(OAc)2 and nBu4NX (X = OMe and OH) was an efficient and economical catalytic system for Suzuki cross couplings at low temperatures in both organic solvents and SCCO2. 

Catalytic C-C bond formation is a key transformation in chemical synthesis, which is usually performed in organic solvents. It has also been successfully demonstrated in water, in the hope of easy catalyst recovery and minimum environmental impact. In the sections to follow, a few of well-known C-C coupling reactions carried out in aqueous media are highhghted, including the Diels-Alder, Friedel-Crafts, Suzuki coupling, and Heck reactions. 

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