Catalysts barium-magnesium-aluminum

Other possible carriers for catalysts are asbestos, pumice, kieselgur, silica gel, silica, active charcoal, and oxides, carbonates, and sulfates of magnesium, calcium, barium, zinc, aluminum, iron, chromium, and zirconium. Details for the preparation of palladium catalysts on barium sulfate have been recorded by Mozingo.137... 

Cobalt catalysts are obtained by reducing the basic carbonate, hydroxide, or oxide in a stream of hydrogen. Howk prepared a cobalt-kieselguhr catalyst.176 Cobalt-barium oxide-aluminum oxide,177 cobalt-thorium oxide-kieselguhr,178 and cobalt-thorium oxide-magnesium oxide-kieselguhr179 may be mentioned as further examples. 

Sodium aluminum phosphate acidic 232-093-0 2-Methyloctanal 232-094-6 Catalyst 733 Catalyst AWR Catalyst KR Catalyst MCW Catalyst W Magnesium chloride Magnesium chloride hexahydrate 232-097-2 2,6-Nonadien-1-ol 232-104-9 Nickel sulfate Nickel sulfate hexahydrate 232-107-5 l-Fenchone 232-108-0 Barium fluoride 232-122-7 Biron ... 

Additives are also used to improve the solubility of halide donors [382, 383]. Metal(II) halides such as magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, barium chloride, manganese chloride, zinc chloride and copper chloride etc. are used as halide sources. In order to increase the solubility of the halides they are reacted with electron donors which have been previously described for the increase of solubility of Nd-components [338,339]. The number of catalyst components is further increased if two Al-compounds (alumoxane + aluminum (hydrido) alkyl) are used. In addition, a small amount of diene can also be present during the preformation of the different catalyst components as described by JSR. In some catalyst systems the total number of components reaches up to eight [338,339]. Such complex catalyst systems are also referred to in other JSR patents [384,385] (Sect. 2.2.6). 

The Henry reaction is routinely performed in the presence of only catalytic quantities of a base. Several base catalysts including alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, alkoxides, calcium and barium hydroxides and magnesium and aluminum ethoxides have been used. Anion-exchange resins and, among organic bases, primary and tertiary amines and ammonium acetate and fluoride have proven to be... 

The following nickel-carrier catalysts have been described nickel-kieselguhr,169 nickel-pumice,170 nickel-kieselguhr containing thorium oxide,171 nickel on magnesium oxide, barium oxide, or beryllium oxide,172 nickel on aluminum oxide,173 and nickel-zinc oxide-barium oxide-chromium oxide.174 Other carriers for nickel catalysts are active charcoal, silica, fuller s earth, and oxides such as magnesia, alumina, and bauxite. 

The cell system is sensitive to trace quantities of catalysts in the brine, for example, vanadium, molybdenum, and chromium at the 0.01-0.1 ppm level or iron, cobalt, nickel, and tungsten at the parts per million level. Magnesium, calcium, aluminum, and barium are also active at the parts per million level. 

In 1989, the concept of ethoxylating methyl esters, which do not carry a labile hydrogen, was introduced by Hoechts [2] and Henkel [3]. Hoechst demonstrated the ethoxylation of esters was chemically feasible using catalysts based on alkali and alkaline earth metals (e.g., sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, barium hydroxide, etc.). Henkel demonstrated the feasibility of using calcined hydrotalcite (aluminum-magnesium hydroxycarbon-ates) for the reaction. Reactivities and conversions with these catalysts, however, were found to be too low for commercial application. 

---