Casting on glass plates

Poly (2,4-d if luoro-1,5, pheny lene t r ime 11 i t ic amide-imide) was prepared by a two-step procedure 12 At the first step, the polyamic acid was prepared by reacting 2,4-difluoro-1,5-phenylene diamine with trimellitic anhydride acid chloride (with the mole ratio of one to one) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetaraide at room temperature under nitrogen. After reaction, the polymer was poured into water and precipitated. After filtration, the white solid was washed with distilled water and dried in a vacuum oven. The poly(amide-imide) was obtained from heating the polyamic acid at 220°C for 3 hours. The polyamic acid was dissolved in N,N-dimethyl acetamide or N,N-dimethyl forraamide, cast on glass plates, and the solvent evaporated in a vacuum oven to form a polyamic acid film before heating at 220°C. 

Monomer I (MAA) was dissolved in methanol and I moI% of crosslinking agent, tetraethyleneglycol dimethylacrylate (TEGDMA) (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA), and I wt% of initiator, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyI acetophenone (DMPA Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI) were added. The solution was cast on glass plates equipped with spacers and reacted under an UV source with an intensity of 1 mW/cm for 30 min. Polymer I (PMAA) was removed from the plates, washed in deionized water to remove all unreacted monomers, cut into discs, and dried in a vacuum oven. 

All measurements have been made on homogeneous membranes of Eastman Kodak 398-3 cellulose acetate (6). The membranes were cast on glass plates and evaporated slowly to dryness from 2% w/v solution in pure acetone in a controlled atmosphere. The membranes were carefully outgassed under vacuum at 40°C before annealing in water for 30 minutes at 80°C during which they became detached from their casting plates. 

The polymer film was cast on glass plates from a 20% (by weight) solution of polymer in dimethylformamide. After the film was dried at 50°C for 40 min it was removed from the glass plate by immersion in water. No difference was found in the properties of sulphonated products based on the P-1700 resin or P-3500 resin. 

Cowperthwaite, Coe, and Frissell (J) in their viscosity/temperature studies have defined the temperature at which the plastisol viscosity begins to increase as the gel temperature. These authors also studied the tensile strength of films cast on glass plates, fluxed at a series of temperatures between 300° and 425°F. They have defined the temperatures at which tensile strengths of 1000 and 1500 p.s.i. are attained as the fluxing temperatures. ... 

The polyamide-hydrazide 7 was prepared by solution polymerization in anhydrous dimethylacetamide from terephthaloyl chloride and p-amino-benzhydrazide at ca. 10 °C. The polyamide 8 resulted from the polycondensation of m-phenylenediamine with isophthaloyl chloride at —20 °C, whereas 9 was prepared by the reaction of terephthaloyl chloride with the complex diamine l,3-bis(3-aminobenzamide)benzene at —20 °C. The water flux and salt rejection through these membranes were summarized in Table 5. The polyamide-hydrazide (7) membranes were prepared from polymer solutions containing 6 7% polymer (Mv 3 34,000) by casting on glass plates. The material was placed in an oven for 30 60 min and coagulated in deionized... 

The most common configuration for analytical IEF is the horizontal polyacrylamide slab gel. Gels are cast on glass plates or specially treated plastic sheets with one exposed face. They are placed on cooling platforms and run with the exposed gel face upward. Electrolyte strips, saturated with 1 N phosphoric acid at the anode and 1 N sodium hydroxide at the cathode, are placed directly on the exposed surface of the IEF gel. Contact between the... 

FIGURE 6.6. The normalized absorption spectra for MEH-PPV films spin-cast on glass plates using 0.3-wt% and l-wt% MEH-PPV solutions. The spin speed used was 8000 rpm. 

Casting on Glass Plates. When the casting dope is ready for trial, the first step is usually to cast it on a glass plate under controlled conditions. 

Acrylic copolymers were 1.5/1.0 (wt rath All films were 2.0 mils thick, cast on glass plates... 

The resulting polymers are completely soluble in various organic solvents such as chloroform, methylene chloride, THE, 1.4-dioxane, and pyridine and can be easily casted on glass plates to give a black, shiny thin film. But poly-65 and poly-71 are partially soluble in various organic solvents as those mentioned. It is, however, insoluble in n-hexane, acetone. 

Another way was to introduce additives into a chloroform solution of the parent polymer, films being obtained by casting on glass plates. Films were exposed to thermal- (oven at 80 C) and photoageing (irradiation chambers, described elsewhere, worked at > 300 nm and 35 C). Oxidations were followed by measuring changes in the hydroxyl and the carbonyl regions of IR spectra (NICOLET Impact 400, OMNIC Software). 

The second method used a solution of polyurethane of type (b) which was prepared by dissolving 16 g of polymer into 100 ml DMF under stirring at 70°C for 24 h. Based on this polyurethane solution, two blends were prepared each containing different proportions of BHMBE (0.5% and respectively 1%). Thin films (0.3 mm thickness) have been prepared from these solutions by casting on glass plates and drying at 60°C for 72 h. The samples prepared with 0.5 and respective 1% BHMBE concentration were exposed for 120 days at the sun light in atmospheric conditions. The mechanical properties were periodically monitored (Tables 4.24 and 4.25). 

Filtered solutions (10 wt%) of the segmented copolymers in CHCl were cast on glass plates and allowed to air dry under essentially dust free conditions for 24 hours. The films were then dried for an additional 24 hours at 100-120 C under vacuum. 

Films of the copolymers were cast on glass plates from filtered 10% solutions in chloroform or tetrachloroethane. They were allowed to first air dry under essentially dust free conditions for 78 hours and were then dried for 24 hours at 90-100"C under vacuum. 

Single wall carbon nanotubes mixed with copolymer such as acrylonitrile or methylacrylate are made into a suspension and cast on glass plate for fQm development. Subsequent activation of films by COj and Ar at 700°C for 8 min. tested at current density of 01 mA to yield 167 F/g. 

Homogeneous solutions of P(TMC) and lithium salts in acetonitrile were prepared by adding known masses of polymer and lithium salt to a small conical flask. A convenient volume of acetonitrile was transferred to the flask and the components were stirred for at least 48 h.The resulting homogeneous solutions were cast on glass plates and the solvent was evaporated slowly to form Aims of about 150 pm thickness. These electrolyte films were transferred to a tubular oven at a temperature from 30 to 60 °C. This optimised procedure was used to prepare P(TMC) LiX compositions with n between 3 and 10. The choice of SPE formulation applied in prototype devices was based on criteria of conductivity and mechanical properties. 

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