Cast iron analysis

The presence of tubercles is usually obvious. Friable brown and orange nodular encrustations on mild steel and cast iron cooling water components are almost always tubercles (Figs. 3.12 through 3.14). The presence of a crust, shell, core, cavity, and corroded floor are definitive (Fig. 3.3). Careful analysis can provide considerable information concerning growth, chemical composition, and associated metal loss. 

The press had been designed with a capacity to deliver 280 kN press force and to work at a production rate of 40 lids per minute. Calculations to determine the distribution of forming loads required indicated that the press capacity was adequate to form the family of steel lids to be produced on the machine. One of the major areas of interest in the design was the con-rod and pin (see Figure 4.66). The first option considered was based on a previous design where the con-rod was manufactured from cast iron with phosphor bronze bearings at the big and small ends. However, weaknesses in this approach necessitated the consideration of other options. The case study presents the analysis of the pin and con-rod using simple probabilistic techniques in an attempt to provide in-service reliable press operation. The way a weak link was introduced to ensure ease of maintenance and repair in the event... 

The figures quoted in Table 3.41, while not authoritative in indicating upper and lower limits, give some idea of the range of analysis to be expected for each type of iron. Because of this variation in composition, cast irons are usually specified in terms of their mechanical properties rather than on an analytical basis. 

Information about the corrosion of boiler piles comes from analysis of scale samples and also from laboratory experiments. Smith and McEaney (1979) used XRD and SEM to follow the initial stages in the development of scale on gray, cast iron in water at 50 °C. At first, the corrosion product was a mixture of magnetite and green rust. Whether lepidocrocite formed depended on the level of oxygen in the system. 

From the mere analysis of cast-iron, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to discriminate, the line where grey ceases and white begins, et cetera. The subjoined aro a few of the results obtained by analyses, showing the effect of different kinds of fiiel —... 

PIG IRON. Product of blast-furnace reduction of iron oxide in the presence of limestone. About half the ore is converted to iron. Average analysis is 1% silicon, 0.03% sulfur, 0.27% phosphorus, 2.4% manganese, 4.6% carbon, balance iron, Pig iron is the basic raw material for steel and cast iron. In metal terminology a pig is a bar or ingot of cooled metal. 

Hein, W., Loehberg, K. Application of the gas chromatographic method of Janak to the analysis of gas in cast iron and steel after high-vacuum heat extraction. Gies-serei, Techn.-Wiss. Beih. Giessereiw. Metallk. 13, 221 (1961). — Chem. Abstr. 62,... 

The analysis of the corrosion products suggests the scheme presented in Figure 13.12 for the cast iron-drinking water interface ... 

EGA-DTA has been applied to the analysis of Fe3C, amorphous carbon, and graphite in steel and cast iron (178). In general, the previous claims for isolation of these compounds have been correct. Different amounts of Fe3C are isolated by various chemical treatment, which explains the contradictions in the literature. 

A fire of short duration (less than one hour), such as one resulting from a plane crash or a manually extinguished fire could have a limited influence on the amount of the release since the thermal time constant of the cask wall (more than 0.3 m of steel or cast iron) should be higher than the fire duration. In these conditions, the increase in the internal cask pressure caused by the fire could be high enough to change the amount (but not the order of magnitude) of the previously described release assumptions. A simple thermal analysis shows that a conservative estimate of the internal pressure increase caused by the fire in half an hour could be of the order of 3000 Pa (namely a factor of three over the above described assumptions). In conclusion, the release in a fire could be of the order of three times the one assumed above, in a time frame of less than one hour. The two releases should not be combined. 

M] Theoretical consideration and experimental data. Thermal analysis, light microscopy. Expansion-temperature, magnetic analysis. Independence of temperature. The alloys were melted in alumina tubes in kryptol furnace. Cast-iron saturated with gas carbon and electrolytic copper. The Fe-FesC-Cu system. From 1500 to 670°C, Fe comer (0 to 5 C and 0 to 30 Cu, mass%). Metastable Uquidus and liquidus contours for metastable Uquidus surface. Quasibinary FesC-Cu system. 

She] Chemical analysis of quenched probes. Electrolytic Cu and cast-iron, produced by graphite saturation of steel were melted in graphite crucibles in cryptole furnace. The contents of steel 0.12% C, 0.55% Mn, 0.15% Si, 0.04% P and S (mass%) SolubiUty of Cu in cast-iron at 1300, 1350 and 1400°C... 

The chemical analysis of water extracts, prepared from collected specimens of disintegrated reinforced concrete and cast-iron, and singer forms (more than 100 samples on according to all observed tunnels, running in Upper Vendian Clay beneath buried valleys), shows an anomaly high compounds of CF (up to 112.0 g/dm ) and Na+ + K+ (up to 85.6 g/dm ) that can be associated with accumulation of these ions in pores due to permanent filtration of groundwater from Kotlin artesian aquifer. 

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