Carsol

The original hot carbonate process developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines was found to be corrosive to carbon steel (55). Various additives have been used in order to improve the mass transfer rate as well as to inhibit corrosion. Vetrocoke, Carsol, Catacarb, Benfteld, and Lurgi processes are all activated carbonate processes. Improvements in additives and optimization of operation have made activated carbonate processes competitive with activated MDEA and nonaqueous solvent based systems. Typical energy requirements are given in Table 9. 

Invented by H. E. Benson in 1952 and then developed with J. H. Field at the U.S. Bureau of Mines. First licensed by the Benfield Corporation of Pittsburgh, subsequently acquired by the Union Carbide Corporation, and now licensed by UOP. The current UOP version includes new solution activators and incorporates zeolites or membrane processes for complete separation of acid gases and minimal loss of product gases. More than 650 plants were operating in 1996. Variations include the Benfield HiPure process and the Benfield LoHeat process. See also Carsol, CATACARB, Giammarco-Vetrocoke, HiPure. 

Carbosolvan One of the several processes for absorbing carbon dioxide from gases, using hot potassium carbonate solution. See also Benfield, Carsol, CATACARB, Giammarco-Vetrocoke, Hi-Pure. 

CATACARB [Catalyzed removal of carbon dioxide] A process for removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from gas streams by absorption in hot potassium carbonate solution containing a proprietary catalyst. Developed and licensed by Eickmeyer and Associates, KS, based on work at the U.S. Bureau of Mines in the 1950s. More than a hundred plants were operating in 1997. See also Benfield, Carsol, Hi-pure, Giammarco-Vetrocoke. 

HiPure A variation on the Benfield process, using two stages of scrubbing by hot potassium carbonate solution in order to reduce the carbon dioxide contents of gases to very low levels. See also Carsol, CATACARB, Giammarco-Vetrocoke. 

SR038 Delos, S., ]. L. Carsol, E. Ghazarossian, ]. P. Raynaud, and P. M. Martin. Testosterone metabolism in primary cultures of human prostate epithelial cells and fibroblasts. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995 55(3-4) 375-383. 

Carsol and Mascini [87] if-value Fish Two reactors in series one packed with nucleoside phosphorylase (Np) and the other with xanthine oxidase (XO)/immobilised on aminopropyl glass Screen-printed graphite electrode/450 mV vs. Ag/ AgCl ... 

M. -A. Carsol and M. Mascini, Development of a system with enzyme reactors for the determination of fish freshness, Talanta, 47(2) (1998) 335-342. 

The Carsol Process is used to remove carbon dioxide from gas streams by scrubbing with aqueous potassium carbonate. 

Carsol. [Carey Industries] Textile dyes and ingments. 

The Su i carSol li aci andtli rcie t iTOs gives a variety of products, depending on the identity of Z and the nature of the reducing agent. The usual products are aldehydes or 1" alcohols. 

Flow-injection analysis affords excellent control of convection, timing, and enhanced selectivity and has therefore also been used extensively in combination with immobilized enzymes and electrodes or reactors. Many studies of FIA and sensors or biosensors have also been reported for BAs in food, based on commercial or home-purified enzymes (Yang and Rechnitz, 1995 Chemnitius and Bilitewski, 1996 Male et al., 1996 Draisci et al., 1998 Esti et al., 1998 Tombelli and Mascini 1998 Carsol and Mascini, 1999 Wimmerova and Macholan 1999 Niculescu et al., 2000a,b Compagnone et al., 2001 Eange and Wittmann, 2002 Serra et al., 2007 Alonso-Lomillo et al., 2010 Kivirand and Rinken, 2011 Boka et al., 2012). 

Carsol, M. A. and M. Mascini. 1999. Diamine oxidase and putrescine oxidase immobilized reactors in flow injection analysis A comparison in substrate specificity. Talanta 50-.141-148. 

---