Carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin

We synthesized , and its exo epimer 4, according to published procedures (29). Since small molecules are generally not immunogenic, these compounds were linked individually to a carrier protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), with a glutaric acid linker. The resulting protein conjugates, containing approximately 15 to 20 molecules of or 4 per KLH molecule, were used to immunize mice. Forty-five... 

The most common carrier proteins in use today are keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH MW 4.5 X 105 to 1.3 X 107), BSA (MW 67,000), aminoethylated (or cationized) BSA (cBSA), thyroglobulin (MW 660,000), ovalbumin (OVA MW 43,000), and various toxoid proteins, including tetanus toxoid and diphtheria toxoid. Other proteins occasionally used include myoglobin, rabbit serum albumin, immunoglobulin molecules (particularly IgG) from bovine or mouse sera, tuberculin purified protein derivative, and synthetic polypeptides such as poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamic acid. 

Since small haptens are not immunogenic -i.e. do not usually stimulate the formation of antibodies-, they must be coupled to a carrier protein. For instance, Schultz [22b] described the coupling of the hapten to the carrier proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), in order to generate antibodies for his specific studies. 

Most myeloma lines used in cell fusion originate from BALB/c mice. These mice can be immunized with exogenous proteins (50-100 pg/ml), with cells (107 cells) or with peptides conjugated with carrier proteins, such as the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The proteins and peptides... 

We then embarked in the synthesis of a double C-glycoside analog of sTn 31 (Schemes 3 and 4) (43). This target was designed to reduce the number of synthetic steps required to prepare 21, to facilitate its conjugation to KLH (Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin) carrier protein, to further increase biological half-life and to enhance immunological response. 

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