Carrier-bound reagents

The aim was to achieve the same results with the Reflotron system as would have been obtained by employing a wet process. A certain concentration c of the substance to be analysed yields a certain reflection R when reacting with carrier-bound reagents. This relationship can be expressed by the functional curve... 

The method is based on the principle of enzyme immunoassay with fluorimet-ric detection and is termed radial partition immunoassay. This test can analyse macromolecules and haptens rapidly and with high sensitivity in a fully mechanised analysis system. The special feature of this test is the use of carrier-bound reagents on a so-called dry tab. 

Dry chemistry analysis with carrier-bound reagents / O. Sonntag. p. cm - (Laboratory techniques in biochemistry and molecular biology v. 25)... 

In a polymeric active ester, the acyl component A is bound covalently via an active ester link to the polymeric carrier . Such reagents, —A, readily react with the nucleophile B — in peptide synthesis, the amino component — to give the product A—B. In order to obtain high yields of the peptide A—B, an excess of —A, which cah be later removed from the reaction mixture by filtration or centrifugation, is used. 

Fig. 1. Intracellular delivery of effector molecules using bispecific antibodies. A bifunctional carrier is constructed by linking a monoclonal anti-effector antibody to a monoclonal cell-targeting antibody. A noncovalent complex forms when the effector is added and binds to its specific antibody-combining sites. The targeting antibody directs this preformed complex to a distinct receptor site on the cell membrane. Alternatively, cells can be pretreated with the bispecific antibody, allowing the empty combining sites of the cell-bound reagent to be filled by subsequently added effector molecules. Surface-localized complexes quickly enter cells via a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. Escape of the effector from the cell vesicle system and passage into the cytosol is achieved but occurs slowly ( 24 h).

Consider those methods that include the chemical binding of the enzyme molecules to an inert carrier (carrier-bound), where linkage can be covalent or non-covalent, and those in which the enzyme protein molecules are chemically linked among themselves, usually through a bifunctional reagent, without the participation of an inert carrier (carrier-free). 

The field of organic chemistry has seen the most extensive use of polymeric materials as aids in effecting chemical transformation and product isolation. Insoluble polymer supports have been used as handles to facilitate these functions. As chemical reagents can be bound to an insoluble polymer carrier and used in organic synthesis [117,118], polymer-bound reagents can also be used to assist in the purification step of solution-phase reactions [119,120]. The latter are known as scavenger resins. These are added to the reaction mixture upon completion of the reaction in order to quench and selectively bind to the unreacted reagents or by-products. The polymer-bound impurities are then removed firom the product by simple filtration to obtain pure compounds. For example, aminomethylated poly(styrene-co-divinyl benzene) can be used to remove acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates, thiocyanates, and proton. Similarly, 2-Chlorotrityl resins have been developed for the attachment of carboxylic acids, alcohols. 

In a polymeric active ester, the acyl component. A, is bound covalently via an active ester link to the polymeric carrier, Such reagents ((P)—A)... 

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