Carlson, Chester

Returning to Mort s survey, we learn that the first widely recognised version of xerography was demonstrated by an American physicist, Chester Carlson, in 1938 it was based on amorphous sulphur as the photosensitive receptor and lycopodium powder. It took Carlson 6 years to raise 3000 of industrial support, and at last. 

Chester Floyd Carlson, born Feb. 8,1906 in Seattle, Washington, died Sep. 19, 1968... 

A series of Sephadex columns have been widely used in separation of intact or truncated LPS. The selection of the column is based on the repeating constitution of O-antigen in LPS. The intact LPS can be separated by Sephadex G-200 and eluted with detergent containing materials (Morrison and Leive, 1975 Peterson and McGroarty, 1985 Rivera et al., 1988). Sephadex G-200 was also used to separate the alkaline hydrolyzed LPS which can be eluted with pyri-dine/0.05 M acetate buffer (Chester and Meadow, 1975). Sephadex G-25, 50, and 75 have been applied to fractionate acetic-acid hydrolyzed LPS with distilled water or pyridine acetate buffer elution (Byrd and Kadis, 1989 Carlson, 1984 Koval and Meadow, 1977 Kropinski et al., 1982 Lacroix et al., 1993 Prehm et al., 1975 Temple et al., 1986). Biogel P6 has been used to fractionate the partially degraded LPS with 1% acetic acid, eluted with pyridine/0.05 M acetate buffer (Koval and Meadow, 1977). Sepharose 4B has been used to fractionate LPS from E. coli 0111 B4, eluted with 0.12 M Tris buffer (Morrison and Leive, 1975). 

Greek for dry (xeros) and writing (graphos). The process was invented in 1938 and patented in 1940 by Chester F. Carlson and involves several different physical phenomena. At the time the invention was first made these processes were poorly understood and the first demonstration copies were not of the quality we are used to today. Carlson demonstrated his invention to twenty American companies and generated an enthusiastic lack of interest . Nevertheless, development was undertaken initially by the Battelle Memorial Institute and subsequently by the Haloid Company, now known as the Xerox Corporation. The first commercial xerographic copier appeared on the market in 1959 and is today a worldwide multi-billion pound industry. 

Chester Carlson invents a dry printing process commonly called Xerox Roy Plunkett discovers the process for making poly-tetrafluoroethylene, better known as Teflon ... 

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester... 

In the forty-odd years since Chester Carlson s initial inventions, electrophotography has evolved pretty much in the direction envisioned by him (1 ) For conventional xerography, the image is formed by the deposition of a black thermoplastic powder on the surface of a photoconductive dielectric surface bearing an electrostatic charge pattern. The powder is transferred to plain paper and fused to it to form the final image. This is the process used in the ubiquitous xerographic office copier (2). 

Y eroxs interest in sulfur dates back to 1938 when Chester Carlson first... 

Xerography (Chester E Carlson) Xerography uses electrostatic charges to attract toner particles to make an image on plain paper. A hot wire then fuses the toner in place. 

Allen MG (1998) Diode laser absorption sensors for gas-dynamic and combustion flows. Meas Sci Technol 9 545-562 Anderson MS, Andringa JM, Carlson RW, Conrad P, Hartford W, Shafer M, Soto A, Tsapin AI, Dybwad JP, Wadsworth W, Hand K (2005) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for Mars science. Rev Sci Instrum 76 034101 Ashizawa H, Yamaguchi S, Endo M, Ohara S, Takahashi M, Nanri K, Fujioka T (2003) Development of a nitrogen dioxide gas sensor based on mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy. Rev Laser Eng 31 151-155 Baldini F, Chester AN, Homola J, Martellucci S (eds) (2006) Optical chemical sensors. Springer, Dordrecht Bansal L (2004) Development of a fiber optic chemical sensor for detection of toxic vapors. Ph.D. thesis, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA... 

Chester Carlson invents a dry printing process commonly called Xerox... 

Figure 12,19 (a) An extract from the 1942 patent filed by Chester Carlson for electrophotography, (b) This special commemorative stamp was issued in honour of Chester Carlson. 

---