Carcinogens potassium bromate

K6. Kasai, H., Nishimura, S., Kurokawa, Y., and Hayashi, Y., Oral administration of the renal carcinogen, potassium bromate, specifically promotes 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine in rat target DNA. Carcinogenesis 8, 1959-1961 (1987). 

Potassium bromate has been banned in several countries as a carcinogen. 

Differences in the regulations between countries are not always easy to explain. If a substance is harmful it might be thought that it would be harmful everywhere. In some cases substances are not permitted because no one wanted to use them, and hence there was no application to permit them. Other cases, such as that of potassium bromate, are much harder to explain. Essentially, the British authorities were convinced that potassium bromate was both carcinogenic and that traces were present in the finished product. At the time of writing, the US authorities have not been convinced and continue to permit potassium bromate. 

Potassium bromate had been used as a flour treatment agent for over 80 years. It is a powerful oxidising agent and it became known that it is carcinogenic. 

Kurokawa Y, Aoki S, Matsushima Y (1986) Dose-response studies on the carcinogenicity of potassium bromate in F344 rats after long-term oral administration. J Nat Cancer Inst 77(4) 977-982... 

Kurokawa Y, Takayama S, Konishi Y (1986) Long-term in vivo carcinogenicity tests of potassium bromate, sodium hypochlorite, and sodium chlorite conducted in Japan. Environ... 

DeAngelo AB, George MH, Kilburn SR, Moore TM, Wolf DC (1998) Carcinogenicity of potassium bromate administered in the drinking water to male B6C3F1 mice and F344/N rats. Toxicol Pathol 26(5) 587-594... 

LOW-DOSE CARCINOGENICITY OF POTASSIUM BROMATE, KBRO3 IN THE RAT KIDNEY ... 

Einally, the renal carcinogenicity of potassium bromate was examined using a two-stage carcinogenesis model. A total of 240 male Wistar rats were treated with iV-ethyl-A-hydroxyethylnitrosamine for the initiahon of kidney carcinogenesis and were thereafter administered potassium bromate at doses of 0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, 8, 30, 125, and 500ppm in their drinking water for 16 weeks (Wei et al. 2009) Due to... 

The results of these two sets of experiments support the conclusion that there is a no-effect level and threshold dose for potassium bromate renal carcinogenicity in the rat. 

Decomposes when heated above melting point, 536°F/280°C, producing toxic fumes of arsenic, lead. Lead arsenates may be subject to redox reactions. Both arsenic and lead are known human carcinogens. PLUMBOUS ACETATE (6080-56-4) Pb(CjH302)2 3H,0 Contact with acids forms acetic acid. Incompatible with oxidizers, bases, acetic acid alkalis, alkylene oxides, ammonia, amines, bromates, carbonates, citrates, chlorides, chloral hydrate cresols, epichlorohydrin, hydrozoic acid, isocyanates, methyl isocyanoacetate, phenols, phosphates, salicylic acid sodium salicylate, sodium peroxyborate, potassium bromate resorcinol, salicylic acid, strong oxidizers, sulfates, sulfites, tannin, tartrates, tinctures trinitrobenzoic acid, urea nitrate. On small fires, use dry chemical, Halon, or CO2 extinguishers. 

ARC Potassium Bromate. (1999). lARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol. 73, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, pp. 481-496. 

Kurokawa, Y., Maekawa, A., Takahashi, M., and Hayashi, Y, Toxicity and carcinogenicity of potassium bromate-a new renal carcinogen. Environ. Health Perspect., 87, 309, 1990. 

Induction of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation was reported in the kidney after in vivo application of renal carcinogens such as trichloroethene and dichloroacetylene subsequent to DNA double-strand breaks. Potassium bromate and ferric nitrilotriacetate, whose nephrotoxicity is thought to result from ROS formation, both induced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation with the concomitant formation of DNA double-strand breaks. Recendy, PARP activation has been associated with both gentamicin and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.Both types of nephrotoxicity involve the generation of ROS and the beneficial effects of different therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing ROS formation have been evaluated. 

The latest postcolumn derivatization method for the analysis of disinfection by-product anions such as bromate and chlorite has been published as Method 326.0 by the US EPA [68,69]. This method was developed as an alternative to Method 317.0, because o-dianisidine has been identified as a potential human carcinogen [70]. Method 326.0 uses a postcolumn reaction that generates hydro-iodic acid (HI) in situ, from an excess of potassium iodide that combines with bromate from the column effluent to form the tri-iodide anion, I3. The reaction product can then be detected photometrically at 352 nm. Most published EPA... 

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