Carcinogenic solvent

Carcinogenic solvents, 23 113 Carcinogenic substances, dose-response relationship for, 25 236. See afso Carcinogens... 

Ozone depleters (e.g. CFCs, 1,1,1-trichloroethane) Least acceptable Toxic and carcinogenic solvents (CCI4, benzene)... 

EHS considerations must also be taken into account when selecting solvents. In previous years, it was very common for synthetic chemists to design processes which utilized highly hazardous and carcinogenic solvents such as benzene. 

Extraction of fat by supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated as an important option for minimizing the expanded use of frequently flammable and carcinogenic solvents in food analysis. Unfortunately, the presence of moisture in foods has an adverse effect on the quantitative extraction of fat by supercritical fluid extraction (SEE). Hence, samples have to be lyophilized first. The total fat content of freeze-dried meat and oilseed samples was found to be comparable to values derived from Soxhlet-extracted samples (26). Besides, only small amounts of residual lipids could be recovered by an additional extraction of the SFE-extracted matrix by the Bligh and Dyer solvent extraction procedure. As far as the minor constituents are concerned, it was found that the extraction recovery ranged from 99% for PC to 88% for PA. Hence, Snyder et al. concluded that SFE can be used as a rapid, automated method to obtain total fat, including total phospholipids, from foods (26). 

The many advantages of the method over earlier ones include no heavy metals, no noxious emissions, no hazardous reagents or reaction mixtures, increased utilization of the soya sterol feedstock (from 15 to 100%), elimination of ethylene dichloride (a carcinogen) solvent, 89% less nonrecoverable solvent waste, 79% less aqueous waste, and the wastes are nontoxic. Presumably, a method for re cycling the expensive catalyst has been developed. 

Benzene Acetone Silica gel Useful for the separation of aromatic products. Care should be taken as benzene is a highly carcinogenic solvent. Substitute toluene for benzene. 

Perchloroethylene Probable carcinogen Solvent, chemical intermediate 0.4 yr 0.71 ppb 22 ppb... 

Trichloroethylene Probable carcinogen Solvent, chemical 5-8 days 0.22 ppb —... 

SPILL CLEAN-UP use water spray to cool and disperse vapors high efficiency particulate arrestor or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amount of carcinogen solvent extraction, chemical destruction, or specially designed incinerators may be used to decontaminate spills isolate and remove discharged material remove all sources of ignition. 

Vinyl chloride is considered as a carcinogenic solvent and the allowed emission concentration is < 5 mg/m. All kinds of recovery units have a post-treatment system by adsorption and/or combustion (Fig. 1.8). 

Carcinogenic Solvents may belcmg to a groiq) of carcinogenic substances. Severed groiq)s of solvents have representatives in this category (see listings in Section 3.3)... 

In accordance with the evidence available, different classes for chemical carcinogens have been developed by health authority organizations. Examples ofthe classification of carcinogenic solvents are presented in Table 20.1.3. 

Trays and transportation containers can be made of stainless-steel or enamel both should be resistant to carcinogens, solvents and any material should be installed in the room as close as possible to the hoods and the bench. 

When using mobile phases for development that contain carcinogenic or possibly carcinogenic solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dioxane, or ben-... 

This experiment can only he done in a well-ventilated hood as HMPA is known as a carcinogenic solvent. 

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