Carboxylic acids ammonium salts

Carboxylic acids, ammonium salts Catechins p-Toluenesulfonic acid (20% in Fluorescent spots under long-wave 50... 

Like perfluoroalkylation, electrophilic a,a-dihydroperfluoroalkylation can be efficiently performed by the use of the appropriate (a,a-dihydroperfluoroalkyl)phenyliodonium salts. A wide range of nucleophiles were alkylated under mild conditions. Most of the reactions can occur by a ligand coupling taking place on an intermediate trisubstituted iodane(UI) compound. This is the case of the reactions with carbanions, amines, alkoxides, phenoxides, thiolates and carboxylic acid ammonium salts. Dialkylation of aniline was also obtained by using two molar equivalents of the iodonium reagent.219,220 (Table 5.11)... 

Chem. Descrip. Polymeric carboxylic acid ammonium salt Uses Pigment dispersant for all aq. coatings based on polymeric binders, terpolymers, and latexes, e.g., paper coatings, adhesives, carpet backings, and plasters, etc. 

Synonyms Ammonium POE (6) lauryl ether carboxylate Laureth-6 carboxylic acid, ammonium salt PEG-6 lauryl ether carboxylic acid, ammonium salt... 

Synonyms Ammonium POE (8) lauryl ether carboxylate Laureth-8 carboxylic acid, ammonium salt PEG-8 lauryl ether carboxylic acid, ammonium salt PEG 400 lauryl ether carboxylic acid, ammonium salt POE (8) lauryl ether carboxylic acid, ammonium salt Definition Ammonium salt of the carboxylic acid derived from laureth-8... 

Laureth-6 carboxylic acid, ammonium salt. See Ammonium laureth-6 carboxylate Laureth-8 carboxylic acid, ammonium salt. See Ammonium laureth-8 carboxylate Laureth-5 carboxylic acid, sodium salt. See Sodium laureth-5 carboxylate Laureth-6 carboxylic acid, sodium salt. See Sodium laureth-6 carboxylate Laureth-7 carboxylic acid, sodium salt. See Sodium laureth-7 carboxylate Laureth-11 carboxylic acid, sodium salt. See Sodium laureth-11 carboxylate Laureth-13 carboxylic acid, sodium salt. See Sodium laureth-13 carboxylate Laureth-14 carboxylic acid, sodium salt. See Sodium laureth-14 carboxylate Laureth-17 carboxylic acid, sodium salt. See Sodium laureth-17 carboxylate Laureth-6 citrate... 

PEG-15 lauryl ether. See Laureth-15 PEG-16 lauryl ether. See Laureth-16 PEG-20 lauryl ether. See Laureth-20 PEG-21 lauryl ether. See Laureth-21 PEG-23 lauryl ether. See Laureth-23 PEG-25 lauryl ether. See Laureth-25 PEG-30 lauryl ether. See Laureth-30 PEG-40 lauryl ether. See Laureth-40 PEG 200 lauryl ether. See Laureth-4 PEG 600 lauryl ether. See Laureth-12 PEG 1000 lauryl ether. See Laureth-20 PEG-2 lauryl ether acetate PEG 100 lauryl ether acetate. See Laureth-2 acetate PEG-3 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-3 carboxylic acid PEG-4 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-4 carboxylic acid PEG-5 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-5 carboxylic acid PEG-6 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-6 carboxylic acid PEG-10 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-10 carboxylic acid PEG-11 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-11 carboxylic acid PEG-13 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-13 carboxylic acid PEG-14 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-14 carboxylic acid PEG-17 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-17 carboxylic acid PEG 200 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-4 carboxylic acid PEG 300 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-6 carboxylic acid PEG 500 lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-10 carboxylic acid PEG-6 lauryl ether carboxylic acid, ammonium salt. See Ammonium laureth-6 carboxylate PEG-8 lauryl ether carboxylic acid, ammonium salt PEG 400 lauryl ether carboxylic acid, ammonium salt. See Ammonium laureth-8 carboxylate... 

Laureth-10 carboxylic acid POE (11) lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-11 carboxylic acid POE (13) lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-13 carboxylic acid POE (14) lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-14 carboxylic acid POE (17) lauryl ether carboxylic acid. See Laureth-17 carboxylic acid POE (8) lauryl ether carboxylic acid, ammonium salt. See Ammonium laureth-8 carboxylate POE (11) lauryl ether carboxylic acid, magnesium salt. See Magnesium laureth-11 carboxylate... 

The frictional characteristic of the carboxylic acid ammonium salt coated on the magnetic tape by dip-coating is shown in Fig.8. The friction coefficient is shown as a function of the number of cycles of reciprocating motion over the cylinder. The frictional characteristic of a conventional PFPE (Z-DOL) is shown for comparison. For the ammonium salt, the friction coefficient is low and remains at 0.18 even after 100 cycles of reciprocating motions, but it is more than 0.30 for the PFPE. 

Fig. 8. Friction coefficient of the carboxylic acid ammonium salt (Lubricant 9) and Z-DOL during friction test at 25°C and relative humidity of 60%.

The CSS friction properties of three types of lubricants, i.e., ester (Lubricant 1), amide (Lubricant 3), and carboxylic acid ammonium salt (Lubricant 5) are shown in Fig.9. These friction measurements of the synthesized lubricants revealed that the ester and the amide are far less durable than the comparable salt type. For the ester and amide lubricants, the friction coefficients ( p ) were around 0.25 for the first ten CSS operations, but rose with the increasing number of CSS operations ( n ). Especially, for the ester lubricant, i steeply increased after 20 operations, and the carbon protective layer got damaged when the p became over 0.90 at n = 138. For the amide lubricant, the slope of Ap per An decreased compared to the ester, however, a wear scar occurred at n = 3279. For the carboxylic add ammonium salt lubricant, the p value remained nearly constant at around 0.25 throughout the 104 CSS operations and the medium was scarcely damaged. The low initial value of p, 0.2-0.3, indicates that there is sufficient lubricant film to protect the rubbing surface. 

Fig. 9. Friction coefficient of disk coated with ester lubricant (Lubricant 1), amide (Lubricant 3), and carboxylic acid ammonium salt (Lubricant 5) versus number of CSS operations.

A layer of the carboxylic acid ammonium salt lubricant film prepared by the spontaneous adsorption is highly ordered and dosely packed as in the LB monolayer. The polar COO groups of the salt are adsorbed almost parallel to the surface, and the sliding scarcely changes the salt-type lubricant film, while the arrangement of the amide film into a bulk phase occurs due to the sliding process. 

Chem. Descrip. Polymeric carboxylic acid ammonium salt Ionic Nature Anionic... 

Nickel and Weber [30] reported aqueous titrations of carboxylic acids, phenols, acidic drugs containing NH groups, cationic acids (ammonium salts) in dimethyl-formamide solution against 0.1 M potassium hydroxide aqueous solution as the... 

Synonyms Ammonium octadecanoate Octadecanoic acid, ammonium salt Stearic acid, ammonium salt Classi tion Sat. aliphatic carboxylic acid salt IMinition Ttmmonium salt of stearic acid En xrical CmH NOj Frmnida CijHjsCOONH,... 

Following these selection criteria, a large number of potential emulsifiers was synthesized and tested. Finally, a monohydrofluorocarboxylic acid ammonium salt, internally referred to as ADONA, was selected. ADONA is based on a readily available perfluorinated vinyl ether. Several different production routes for ADONA are available. The first synthesis [59] starts with the addition of methanol to the vinyl ether under radical conditions. The resulting alcohol is oxidized to the carboxylic acid [59,60]. After reaction with methanol, the resulting ester is separated and purified. Finally, the ester is converted to ADONA (Scheme 21.7). 

Three types of lubricants which possess both the perfluoroalkyl group and hydrocarbon long chain, that is an ester, amide, and carboxylic acid amine salt, were synthesized by the following Scheme 1 in Fig.4. The ester and the amide were prep>ared by the addition of carboxylic add chloride to the hexane solution of the corresponding alcohol and amine in the presence of a base agent. The perfluorocarboxylic add and the carboxyhc add ammonium salts are prepared by warming the mixture of the perfluorocarboxylic add and the amine to 80°C imtil the complete dissolution was obtained (Scheme 2).(Kondo et al., 1989,1994)... 

Note. Useful information can often be obtained by adding (i) dilute H,SO or (ii) dilute NaOH solution to an aqueous solution of the substance under investigation. A precipitate with (i) usually indicates an aromatic carboxylic acid from a metallic or from an ammonium salt. A precipitate or oil with (ii) usually indicates an aromatic amine from an amine salt. 

When an alkyl aryl ketone is heated with yellow ammonium polysulphide solution at an elevated temperature, an aryl substituted aliphatic acid amide is foimed the product actually isolated is the amide of the ci-aryl carboxylic acid together with a smaller amount of the corresponding ammonium salt of the oarboxylio acid. Thus acetophenone affords phenylacetamide (50 per cent.) and ammonium phenylacetate (13 per cent.) ... 

Amides are sometimes prepared directly from carboxylic acids and amines by a two step process The first step is an acid-base reaction m which the acid and the amine combine to form an ammonium carboxylate salt On heating the ammonium carboxy late salt loses water to form an amide... 

Salt Formation. Salt-forming reactions of adipic acid are those typical of carboxylic acids. Alkali metal salts and ammonium salts are water soluble alkaline earth metal salts have limited solubiUty (see Table 5). Salt formation with amines and diamines is discussed in the next section. 

These association reactions can be controlled. Acetone or acetonylacetone added to the solution of the polymeric electron acceptor prevents insolubilization, which takes place immediately upon the removal of the ketone. A second method of insolubiUzation control consists of blocking the carboxyl groups with inorganic cations, ie, the formation of the sodium or ammonium salt of poly(acryhc acid). Mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide) solutions with solutions of such salts can be precipitated by acidification. 

New efficient vulcanization systems have been introduced in the market based on quaternary ammonium salts initially developed in Italy (29—33) and later adopted in Japan (34) to vulcanize epoxy/carboxyl cure sites. They have been found effective in chlorine containing ACM dual cure site with carboxyl monomer (43). This accelerator system together with a retarder (or scorch inhibitor) based on stearic acid (43) and/or guanidine (29—33) can eliminate post-curing. More recently (47,48), in the United States a proprietary vulcanization package based on zinc diethyldithiocarbamate [14324-55-1]... 

The isocyanurate reaction occurs when three equivalents of isocyanate react to form a six-membered ring, as shown in the fifth item of Fig. 1. Isocyanurate linkages are usually more stable than urethane linkages. Model compound studies show no degradation of the trimer of phenyl isocyanate below 270°C [10,11]. Catalysts are usually needed to form the isocyanurate bond. Alkali metals of carboxylic acids, such as potassium acetate, various quaternary ammonium salts, and even potassium or sodium hydroxide, are most commonly used as catalysts for the isocyanurate reaction. However, many others will work as well [12]. 

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