Carboxylic acid moiety

ZN(C)153, 00ZN(C)323, 00ZN(C)857, 01MI2, 01MIP4, 01TL5849). 5-Amino-8,9-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-l//-pyrimido[l,2-u]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid moiety 4 was also identified as a chromophoric moiety of certain... 

In mimicking this type of function, noncyclic artificial carboxylic ionophores having two terminal groups of hydroxyl and carboxylic acid moieties were synthesized and the selective transport of alkali metal cations were examined by Yamazaki et al. 9 10). Noncyclic polyethers take on a pseudo-cyclic structure when coordinating cations and so it is possible to achieve the desired selectivity for specific cations by adjusting the length of the polyether chain 2). However, they were not able to observe any relationship between the selectivity and the structure of the host molecules in an active transport system using ionophores 1-3 10). (Table 1)... 

The route of kasugamycin s biosynthesis, especially of the amidine carboxylic acid moiety, is interesting. Either C-l or C-2 labeled glycine... 

Shimidzu etal.111 studied the catalytic activity of poly (4(5)-vinylimidazole-co-acrylic add) 60 (PVIm AA) in hydrolyses of 3-acetoxy-N-trimethylanilinium iodide 61 (ANTI) and p-nitrophenylacetate 44 (PNPA). The hydrolyses of ANTI followed the Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics, and that of PNPA followed the second-order kinetics. Substrate-binding with the copolymer was strongest at an imidazole content of 30 mol%. The authors concluded that the carboxylic acid moiety not... 

A low-molecular-weight condensation product of hydroxyacetic acid with itself or compounds containing other hydroxy acid, carboxylic acid, or hydroxy-carboxylic acid moieties has been suggested as a fluid loss additive [164]. Production methods of the polymer have been described. The reaction products are ground to 0.1 to 1500 p particle size. The condensation product can be used as a fluid loss material in a hydraulic fracturing process in which the fracturing fluid comprises a hydrolyzable, aqueous gel. The hydroxyacetic acid condensation product hydrolyzes at formation conditions to provide hydroxyacetic acid, which breaks the aqueous gel autocatalytically and eventually provides the restored formation permeability without the need for the separate addition of a gel breaker [315-317,329]. 

The spin label in question may as well be in the carboxylic acid fragment as in the alcohol moiety. Photoreactive esters bear azido groups in their carboxylic acid moieties. The esterification of nitroxide- or azide-bearing carboxylic acids with complex alcohols and CDI is illustrated in Table 3-6 by way of some examples. 

We reported the first synthesis of a symmetrical, four-directional, saturated hydrocarbon dendrimer containing 36 carboxylic acid moieties equidistant... 

Frdchet et al. reported the synthesis of a unimolecular micelle (Fig. 6) generated by a convergent approach starting with 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol, as the key branched monomer unit [65]. Fourth generation dendrimer 15 with 32 carboxylic acid moieties on the periphery was synthesized and its correspond-... 

Modern MCRs that involve isocyanides as starting materials are by far the most versatile reactions in terms of available scaffolds and numbers of accessible compounds. The oldest among these, the three-component Passerini MCR (P-3CR), involves the reaction between an aldehyde 9-1, an acid 9-2, and an isocyanide 9-3 to yield a-acyloxycarboxamides 9-6 in one step [8], The reaction mechanism has long been a point of debate, but a present-day generally accepted rational assumption for the observed products and byproducts is presented in Scheme 9.1. The reaction starts with the formation of adduct 9-4 by interaction of the carbonyl compound 9-1 and the acid 9-2. This is immediately followed by an addition of the oxygen of the carboxylic acid moiety to the carbon of the isocyanide 9-3 and addition of this carbon to the aldehyde group, as depicted in TS 9-5 to give 9-5. The final product 9-6 is... 

In another 2009 patent application, a series of 2-pyrazolopyrimidinones were reported to be PHD inhibitors [37]. Although most of the compounds exemplified in this application lacked a carboxylic acid moiety (vide supra), compound 45 was reported as having an IC50 value of < 10 nM in a FRET assay, although no cell-based assay data were disclosed. 

Based on structure-activity studies, the l,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid moiety is essential for antibacterial activity, due to its... 

Nicotinic acid and related meta-carboxylic acids display the remarkable characteristic that coordination of the pendant carboxylic acid moieties to the Pt surface is controlled by electrode potential. Oxidative coordination of the carboxylate pendant occurs at positive electrode potentials, resulting in disappearance of the 0-H vibration and loss of surface acidity as judged by absence of reactivity towards KOH. Carboxylate in the 4-position of pyridine (as in INA) is virtually independent of electrode potential, whereas strong coordination of ortho-carboxylates to the Pt surface is present at most electrode potentials. Adsorbed pyridine carboxylic acids are stable in vacuum when returned to solution the adsorbed material displays the same chemical and electrochemical properties as prior to evacuation. 

Organomagnesium reagents, which can serve as the nucleophiles in the Kumada coupling, are easy to make and many of them are commercially available. Even though some Kumada reactions can be run at room or lower temperature, many functional groups are not tolerant of Grignard reagents. Nonetheless, in the synthesis of thienylbenzoic acid 24, the carboxylic acid moiety did survive the reaction conditions [25],... 

Although the Heck reactions of heteroaryl halides are now commonplace [76], few examples are found using organohalide substrates possessing a carboxylic acid moiety [77]. However, 4,5-dibromo-2-furancarboxylic acid (86) underwent a Heck reaction with ethyl acrylate to afford diacrylate 87 [78]. 

There is only a small selection of nonprotein amino acids that contain carbonyl groups in the form of ketone, aldehyde, and carboxylic acid moieties, as part of the side chain. The examples given in Table 6 are components of nonribosomal peptides isolated from bacteria or fungi and siderophores from bacteria. The biosynthesis of these amino acids is not clear however, some of the amino acids with carboxylic acid side chains may be traced back to the L-a-amino acids aspartic acid and glutamic acid. 

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