Carboxylate anion definition

The definition of pH is pH = —log[H+] (which will be modified to include activity later). Ka is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid HA + H20 H30+ + A-. Kb is the base hydrolysis constant for the reaction B + H20 BH+ + OH. When either Ka or Kb is large, the acid or base is said to be strong otherwise, the acid or base is weak. Common strong acids and bases are listed in Table 6-2, which you should memorize. The most common weak acids are carboxylic acids (RC02H), and the most common weak bases are amines (R3N ). Carboxylate anions (RC02) are weak bases, and ammonium ions (R3NH+) are weak acids. Metal cations also are weak acids. For a conjugate acid-base pair in water, Ka- Kb = Kw. For polyprotic acids, we denote the successive acid dissociation constants as Kal, K, K, , or just Aj, K2, A"3, . For polybasic species, we denote successive hydrolysis constants Kbi, Kb2, A"h3, . For a diprotic system, the relations between successive acid and base equilibrium constants are Afa Kb2 — Kw and K.a Kbl = A w. For a triprotic system the relations are A al KM = ATW, K.d2 Kb2 = ATW, and Ka2 Kb, = Kw. 

By definition, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid that contains twelve or more carbons terminating in a carboxyl group. Because carboxyl groups disassociate at pH above 4-5, free fatty acids occur as negative carboxylate anions (R—COO ) in seawater and marine sediments. Although fatty acid salts are more water-soluble than hydrocarbons. 

Each molecular transformation applied by Leatherface is specified by a SMARTS definition followed by a series of instructions that specify how the substructure matched by the SMARTS is to be modified. The first example shows how neutral carboxylic acids are converted to their more physiologically relevant anionic forms. The Pit instruction indicates that a single proton is to be removed (—1) from the atom matching the third atom in the SMARTS. 

A second type of isotherm is obtained where there are a definite number of sites within the fibre which can enter into combination with the dye, Na D, the state of affairs which exists with the protein fibres. If it is assumed that the cations present in solution are independently adsorbed by the carboxyl groups, and the anions by the amino groups, then... 

Nonionic surfactants are amphiphilic compounds the lyophilic (in particular hydrophilic) part of which does not dissociate into ions and hence has no charge. However, there are nonionics, for example such as tertiary amine oxides, which are able to acquire a charge depending on the pH value. Even polyethers, such as polyethylene oxides, are protonated under acidic conditions and exist in cationic form. Long-chain carboxylic acids are nonionic under neutral and acidic conditions whereas they are anionics under basic conditions. So, the more accurate definition is as follows nonionics are surfactants that have no charge in the predominant working range of pH. The main part of nonionics can be classified into alcohols, polyethers, esters, or their combinations. 

At least two of the recognized mechanisms for the formation of electrical double layers (Hunter, elal. 1981 Russel etal., 1989) are relevant to LB film depositions (1) ionization of carboxylic acid group and amphoteric acid groups on solid surfaces, and (2) differences between the affinities of two phases for ions or ionizable species. The latter mechanism includes the uneven distribution of anions and cations between two immiscible phases, the differential adsorption of ions from an electrolyte solution to a solid surface, and the differential solution of one ion over the other from a crystal lattice. Since the solid-liquid and the film-liquid interfaces are flat, large surfaces and since both have a large, solid-like concentration, the analysis that follows applies to both interfaces. For an interface conformed by a thin film of an amphiphilic compound with the hydrophilic end of the molecule in contact with the water subphase, the equilibrium of charges is based on pH and subphase concentration. The effect of pH is highlighted by the definition of the of the carboxylic acid ... 

Definition Sodium salt of the carboxylic acid derived from laureth-7 Properties Anionic... 

IC-MS has also been applied for the characterization of ionic liquids (IL) and for the investigation of their long-term stability under process-like conditions. The term ionic liquid commonly refers to a class of molten salts that are by definition liquid below 100 °C. They usually consist of bulky organic cations such as alkylated imidazole, pyrrole, or pyridine derivatives, or quatemized alkyl amines and alkyl phosphines. Common counterions are halides, alkyl sulfates, fluorinated hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, or amino acids [268]. The physical and chemical properties of ILs are customizable by different cation-anion combinations and by the length of the alkyl chain of the cation. Depending on the... 

Stearic add, ammonium salt Classification Sat. aliphatic carboxylic add salt Definition Ammonium salt of stearic add Ionic Nature Anionic Empiticed C,jH39N02 Fonnula C,jH35COONH4... 

Synonyms PEG-7 Cl 2-15 alkyl ether carboxylic acid, sodium salL POE (7) Cl2-15 alkyl ether carboxylic acid, sodium salL Sodium pareth-25-7 carboxylate Definition Sodium salt of C12-15 parelh-7 carboxylic add Ionic Nature Anionic... 

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