Carbonylation asymmetric

Special reactions Haber process, exhaust clean up etc. Hydroformylation of alkenes, methanol carbonylation, asymmetric synthesis etc... 

Carbon monoxide oxidase molybdenum, 662 Carbonylation asymmetric catalysts, 292 catalysts... 

Freskos, J.N., Laneman, S.A., Reilly, M.L and Ripin, D.H. (1994) Synthesis of chiral succinates via Pd(0) catalyzed carbonylation/asymmetric hydrogenation sequence. Tetrahedron Letters, TLJ, 835-838. 

A useful catalyst for asymmetric aldol additions is prepared in situ from mono-0> 2,6-diisopropoxybenzoyl)tartaric acid and BH3 -THF complex in propionitrile solution at 0 C. Aldol reactions of ketone enol silyl ethers with aldehydes were promoted by 20 mol % of this catalyst solution. The relative stereochemistry of the major adducts was assigned as Fischer- /ir o, and predominant /i -face attack of enol ethers at the aldehyde carbonyl carbon atom was found with the (/ ,/ ) nantiomer of the tartaric acid catalyst (K. Furuta, 1991). 

Industrial Synthetic Improvements. One significant modification of the Stembach process is the result of work by Sumitomo chemists in 1975, in which the optical resolution—reduction sequence is replaced with a more efficient asymmetric conversion of the meso-cyc. 02Lcid (13) to the optically pure i7-lactone (17) (Fig. 3) (25). The cycloacid is reacted with the optically active dihydroxyamine [2964-48-9] (23) to quantitatively yield the chiral imide [85317-83-5] (24). Diastereoselective reduction of the pro-R-carbonyl using sodium borohydride affords the optically pure hydroxyamide [85317-84-6] (25) after recrystaUization. Acid hydrolysis of the amide then yields the desired i7-lactone (17). A similar approach uses chiral alcohols to form diastereomic half-esters stereoselectivity. These are reduced and direedy converted to i7-lactone (26). In both approaches, the desired diastereomeric half-amide or half-ester is formed in excess, thus avoiding the cosdy resolution step required in the Stembach synthesis. 

Similarly, the two faces at a trigonal earbon in a molecule containing a stereogenic center are diastereotopie. Both ehiral and achiral reactants can distinguish between these diastereotopie faces. Many examples of diastereotopie transformations of sueh eompounds are known. One of the cases that has been examined elosely is addition reactions at a trigonal center adjacent to an asymmetric carbon. Particular attention has been given to the case of nucleophilie addition to carbonyl groups. 

Catalytic asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder addition of carbonyl compounds 99ACR605. 

Chiral boron(III) Lewis acid catalysts have also been used for enantioselective cycloaddition reactions of carbonyl compounds [17]. The chiral acyloxylborane catalysts 9a-9d, which are also efficient catalysts for asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions [17, 18], can also catalyze highly enantioselective cycloaddition reactions of aldehydes with activated dienes. The arylboron catalysts 9b-9c which are air- and moisture-stable have been shown by Yamamoto et al. to induce excellent chiral induction in the cycloaddition reaction between, e.g., benzaldehyde and Danishefsky s dienes such as 2b with up to 95% yield and 97% ee of the cycloaddition product CIS-3b (Scheme 4.9) [17]. 

The carbonyl carbon of an unsymmetrical ketone is a prochiral center reaction with a Grignard reagent 2 (R 7 R, R") can take place on either face of the carbonyl group with equal chance. The products 8a and 8b are consequently formed in equal amounts as racemic mixture, as long as no asymmetric induction becomes effective ... 

Asymmetric synthesis of spiroketahc pheromones Is also reported. In which the asymmetric redncdon of carbonyl group Is carried out with baker s yeast fScheme 4.22. ... 

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