Carbonate rock, relation between

Carbon. Most of the Earth s supply of carbon is stored in carbonate rocks in the Hthosphere. Normally the circulation rate for Hthospheric carbon is slow compared with that of carbon between the atmosphere and biosphere. The carbon cycle has received much attention in recent years as a result of research into the possible relation between increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, most of which is produced by combustion of fossil fuel, and the "greenhouse effect," or global warming. Extensive research has been done on the rate at which carbon dioxide might be converted to cellulose and other photosyntheticaHy produced organic compounds by various forms of natural and cultivated plants. Estimates also have been made of the rate at which carbon dioxide is released to soil under optimum conditions by various kinds of plant cover, such as temperature-zone deciduous forests, cultivated farm crops, prairie grassland, and desert vegetation. 

The other major reactant in Equation 1 is sulfate (SO42 ). Sulfate concentrations are highly variable in lake waters, from 3 x 10 5 mol/L in soft-water lakes in crystalline-rock drainage basins to 1.6 mol/L in hypersaline lakes (2.). In productive, freshwater lakes, sulfate reduction typically goes nearly to completion (5.). As sulfate concentrations increase, amounts of organic matter eventually become insufficient for complete sulfate reduction to occur. This is the case in "normal" marine sediment where a linear relation between total reduced sulfur and organic-carbon concentrations is observed. Sea-water sulfate concentration is 0.028 mol/L and the ratio of total reduced sulfur to organic-carbon concentrations (often referred to as S/C) in marine sediment is 0.33 ( ). ... 

A statistically significant linear relation has been found between carbonate-rock surface-recession rate and hydrogen ion loading to the rock surface. 

Relation between environmental variables and surface recession. Carbonate-rock surface recession and the environmental variables measured in this program (i.e., rain amount, rain pH, hydrogen ion loading to the rock surface, and antecedent sulfur dioxide) exhibited a range of values at the North Carolina site during the last half of 1984. To examine qualitatively the relation between... 

S. Source rock potential of shale A relation exists between the uranium-to-potassium ratio and the organic carbon content. The source rock potential of shale can thus be evaluated. 

Case 3. The raindrop now runs off the calcite rock and flows into a calcium-carbonate-ffee soil, where carbon dioxide is added from the decomposition of organic matter until the total CO2 is five times its original value. For simplicity, it will be assumed that no other components are added and no other reactions take place between the soil and the raindrop. In this case calcium concentration and total alkalinity are constant, and the total CO2 and initial concentrations are known. From the definition of terms and equilibrium relations we can write ... 

The Permian Phosphoria Formation in the northwestern Interior United States contains two phosphatic and organic-ncarbon-rich shale members, the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member and the Retort Phosphatic Shale Member. Ihese rocks were formed at the periphery of a foreland basin between the Paleozoic continental margin and the North American cratonic shelf. The concentration, distribution, and coincidence of phosphorite, organic carbon, and many trace elements within these shale members probably were coincident with areas of optimum trophism and biologic productivity related to areas of upwelling. In the Phosphoria sea upwelling is indicated to have occurred by sapropel that was deposited adjacent to shoals near the east flank of the depositional basin. 

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